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. 2016 May 19;11(5):e0155612. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155612

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© 2016 Bergmann et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 1 — x, y, z = axes of femur coordinate system. x = parallel to posterior contour of condyles. P1 = intersection of neck axis and femoral midline. P2 = middle of intercondylar notch. z = straight femur axis between P1 and P2. Force components F_x, F_y and F_z act in directions x, y and z. Moment components M_x, M_y and M_z turn clockwise around x, y and z. The implant is turned clockwise by angles α_z, α_y and α_x around the femur axes z, y and x. α_z = anteversion of neck (negative). x’, y’, z’ = axes of implant. x_n, y_n, z_n = coordinate system at distal end of implant neck. x_s, y_s, z_s = coordinate system of stem 80 mm below head centre.