Table 5. Magnitudes and directions of AVER75 and HIGH100 peak forces and moments and the conversion factor f_AH.

Average = average of peak force F_res from all subjects. Range = range from 10 single subjects. Range [%] = Range in percent of average. α_front, α_sagit and α_trans = angles of the peak force vector in frontal, sagittal and transverse planes (see Fig 1). These angles are the same for AVER75 and HIGH100 loads. f_AH = factor for calculation of AVER75 from HIGH100 loads for all 6 load components and their resultants: AVER75 = HIGH100 / f_AH. ^a/^b = highest/lowest absolute values except from cycling and jogging. * = M_res is low at the first peak of F_res.

Activity → Load Type	Cycling	Sit Down	Stand Up	Knee Bend	Walking	Stance	Stairs Up	Stairs Down	Jogging
Peak Value of Fres
AVER75 Average [N]	731	1360b	1600	1699	1925	2077	2232	2300a	3065
AVER75 Range [N]	416–942	891–2202	1286–2880	1122–2359	1613–2161	1753–2505	2046–2705	1988–2907	2613–3630
AVER75 Range [%]	72	96	100	73	28 b	36	30	40	33
HIGH100 Average [N]	1256	2935	3839	3145	2880 b	3340	3606	3875 a	4839
Mres at Instant of Peak Fres
HIGH100 Average [Nm]	1.11	1.92	2.51a	2.49	0.93	1.03	1.93	0.66 b*	0.80
Peak Value of Mres
HIGH100 Average [Nm]	1.15	2.09	2.77a	2.57	1.76	1.72	2.00	2.73*	1.60
Angle αfront of Fres in Frontal Plane
Range [°]	15–27	13–26	16–29	17–28	9–21	8–21	14–25	13–24	13–20
Average [°]	20	20	24 a	23	17	16 b	20	16 b	15
Angle αsagit of Fres in Sagittal Plane
Range [°]	9–29	2–19	2–14	4–25	0–19	-2–8	10–23	6–18	7–22
Average [°]	17	11	8	8	11	4 b	18 a	11	15
Angle αtrans of Fres in Transverse Plane
Range [°]	22–56	6–53	4–34	7–52	-1–49	-2–34	24–56	19–50	26–61
Average [°]	40	28	17	18	33	12 b	42 a	33	44
Factor fAH [1]	1.73	2.17	2.43 a	1.85	1.55 b	1.64	1.66	1.71	1.59