Table 3. Documented cases of Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Austria.
+: positive;–: negative; nd: not determined; His: Histology; Ser: Serology; Maf: microfilariae (adult stage); mif: microfilariae (first larval stage) in blood, if not specified otherwise; Eos: eosinophils; IgE: immunoglobulin E; Ag-ELISA: SNAP Canine Heartworm Antigen Test Kit (IDEXX Laboratories).
| Number | Year | Sex (neutered) | Age | Breed | Symptoms and/or Reason for examination | Diagnosis | Geographical Anamnesis | Therapy | Reference (if published) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. repens | |||||||||
| 1 | before 2001 | f (n) | 4 | mongrel | subcutaneous nodule | Maf +; mif + | Greece | – | Leschnik et al. (2008) [34] |
| 2 | before 2001 | f (n) | 1 | Kuvasz crossbreed | hematuria,subcutaneous nodules (after primary diagnosis) | mif + in urine | Hungary | + | Kleiter et al. (2001) [35] |
| 3 | 2002 | f (n) | 11.5 | mongrel | incidental finding, tumor cytology | mif + | Hungary | – | a |
| 4 | 2004 | m | 2 | Dachshund | incidental finding, hematology | mif +; PCR +; Ag-ELISA – | Hungary | + | Leschnik et al. (2008) [34] |
| 5 | 2007 | f (n) | 8 | mongrel | conjunctivitis, swelling of the lower eye lid | Maf; mif +; Eos: 11% | Austria (Zurndorf, Burgenland) | + | a |
| 6 | 2008 | m | >3 | mongrel | incidental finding | PCR + | Hungary | – | a |
| 7 | 2008 | m | >3 | German Shorthaired Pointer | incidental finding | PCR + | Hungary, lives in district Neusiedl | – | b |
| 8 | 2008 | f | <3 | German Wirehaired Pointer | incidental finding | PCR + | Slovakia, lives in district Neusiedl | – | b |
| 9 | 2008 | f | >3 | Large Munsterlander | incidental finding | PCR + | Germany, lives in district Neusiedl | – | b |
| 10 | 2008 | f | >3 | Golden Retriever | incidental finding | PCR + | Austria (Podersdorf; Burgenland) | – | b |
| 11 | 2008 | m | >3 | Labrador Retriever | incidental finding | PCR + | Austria (Podersdorf; Burgenland), lives in district Neusiedl | – | b |
| 12 | 2008 | m | 7 | Wirehaired Dachshund | incidental finding | PCR + | Austria (Oberweiden; Gänserndorf), lives in district Gänserndorf | unclear | b |
| 13 | 2008 | m | 10 | German Wirehaired Pointer | incidental finding | PCR + | Austria (Zwerndorf; Gänserndorf), lives in district Gänserndorf | – | b |
| 14 | 2008 | m | 8 | Hanoverian Tracking Hound | incidental finding | PCR + | Hungary, lives in district Gänserndorf | – | b |
| 15 | 2008 | m | 6 | WireHaired Dachshund | incidental finding | PCR + | Slovakia, lives in district Gänserndorf | – | b |
| 16 | 2008 | f | 4 | Labrador Retriever | incidental finding | PCR + | Hungary, lives in district Gänserndorf | – | b |
| 17 | 2008–2010 | f | 6 | unknown | subcutaneous mandibular cyst | Maf; PCR + | Austria (Gablitz, Lower Austria)—exported to Germany | nd | Pantchev et al. (2011) [36] |
| 18 | 2012 | m (n) | 3 | mongrel | incidental finding, blood | mif +; PCR +; Ag-ELISA – | Slovakia | + | a |
| 19 | 2013 | m (n) | 7 | mongrel | incidental finding, tumor, cytology | mif +; PCR + | Slovakia | – | a |
| 20 | 2013 | m | 3 | mongrel | incidental finding, blood | mif +; PCR +; Ag-ELISA – | Romania | + | a |
| 21 | 2013 | m (n) | 6 | Golden Retriever | incidental finding, tumor, cytology | mif +; PCR +; Ag-ELISA – | Austria (Ebenthal/Lower Austria) | + | a |
| 22 | 2013 | f (n) | 5 | Newfoundland dog | incidental finding, tumor, cytology | mif +; PCR + | Hungary | + | a |
| 23 | 2013 | m (n) | 2 | mongrel | incidental finding, blood | mif +; PCR +; Ag-ELISA – | Croatia | + | a |
| 24 | 2014 | m (n) | 5 | Magyar Vizsla | incidental finding, tumor, cytology | mif + | Hungary | + | a |
| 25 | 2014 | m (n) | 3 | mongrel | incidental finding, subcutaneous nodule | mif +; PCR–; Ag-ELISA – | unclear | – | a |
| 26 | unclear | m (n) | 5 | mongrel | subcutaneous nodule | Maf; mif + | Hungary | + | a |
| D. immitis | |||||||||
| 1 | 1985 | m | 4 | Doberman | section | Two Maf in atrium cordis | former Yugoslavia, Italy, Greece, Turkey, France (Corsica) | – | Hinaidy et al. (1987) [37] |
| 2 | 1987 | nd | nd | Beagle | nd | nd | Japan, Saudi Arabia | nd | Löwenstein et al. (1988) [38] |
| 3 | 1987 | nd | nd | Rottweiler | nd | nd | Italy | nd | Löwenstein et al. (1988) [38] |
| 4 | 1988 | f | 4 | German Shepherd | necropsybloody expectoration, apathy, cough, dyspnea, inappetence, ascites | Approx. 40 Maf in right heart chamber and arteria pulmonalis | Italy | – | Löwenstein et al. (1988) [38] |
| 5 | before 2001 | m (n) | 5 | Spaniel | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; mif + | Spain | – | Leschnik et al. (2008) [34] |
| 6 | before 2001 | f (n) | 6 | crossbreed | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; mif + | Greece | – | Leschnik et al. (2008) [34] |
| 7 | before 2001 | f (n) | 3.5 | Greyhound | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; mif + | Spain | – | Leschnik et al. (2008) [34] |
| 8 | 2001 | f (n) | 5 | crossbreed | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; mif | unclear | – | Leschnik et al. (2008) [34] |
| 9 | 2002 | m (n) | 3 | Boston Terrier | travel screening | Ag-ELISA + | United States of America (Florida) | – | Leschnik et al. (2008) [34] |
| 10 | 2009 | f (n) | 6 | Labrador Retriever | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; mif | Greece | + | a |
| 11 | 2009 | m (n) | 3.5 | crossbreed | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; mif + | Greece | + | a |
| 12 | 2010 | m | 6 | Rottweiler | incidental finding, hematology | Ag-ELISA +; mif + in blood and urine | Romania | – | a |
| 13 | 2011 | f (n) | 5 | Greyhound | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; mif + | Spain | + | a |
| 14 | 2011 | m | 5 | Galgo Español | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; mif + | Spain | + | a |
| 15 | 2011 | f (n) | 5 | Galgo Español | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; mif + | Greece | + | a |
| 16 | 2011 | f (n) | 1 | Terrier | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; mif | Serbia | + | a |
| 17 | 2012 | m | 5 | crossbreed | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; PCR +; mif + | Croatia, southern France | + | a |
| 18 | 2014 | m (n) | 4 | crossbreed | apathy | Ag-ELISA +; PCR–; mif | Hungary | + | a |
| Dirofilaria repens and D. immits | |||||||||
| 1 | before 2001 | f (n) | 4 | crossbreed | subcutaneous nodule | Ag-ELISA: +; Knott test: +; mif +; Maf D. repens | Greece | + | Kleiter et al. (2001) [35] |
| 2 | 2014 | m (n) | 5 | Magyar Vizsla | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; PCR +; mif + | Hungary (East) | – | a |
| 3 | 2014 | m (n) | 6 | German Shepherd | travel screening | Ag-ELISA +; PCR +;mif + | Hungary (West) | + | a |
| Epidemiological surveys | |||||||||
| 1 | 1999–2003 | Five of 87 dogsFour cases D. immitis, one case D. repens | travel screening | Knott test, Ag-ELISA | Mediterranean | Prosl et al. (2003) [39] | |||
| 2 | 2008 | One of eight D. repens | epidemiological survey | Knott test, PCR | Austria (Lower Austria, Gänserndorf Distict) | Duscher et al. (2009) [20] | |||
| 3 | 2008 | Six of 90 D. repens | epidemiological survey | Knott test, PCR | Austria (Burgenland, Neusiedl District) | a | |||
| Filaroid infection without species determination | |||||||||
| 1 | before 2001 | m | 1 | Kuvasz | travel screening | mif + | Hungary | – | Leschnik et al. (2008) [34] |
| 2 | 2001 | f (n) | 8 | crossbreed | travel screening | mif + | Greece | + | Leschnik et al. (2008) [34] |
| 3 | 2001 | m (n) | 2 | crossbreed | travel screening | mif + | Greece | + | Leschnik et al. (2008) [34] |
| 4 | 2005 | m | 7 | Pudelpointer | incidental finding, histology stomach | mif + | Slovenia | – | a |
aUnpublished patient data archived at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna.
bDuscher and Feiler, unpublished data.