Table 1. Bats maintained in hibernation for 6 weeks.

Serological and survival results of L. noctivagans inoculated with homologous or heterologous RABV via SC or IM inoculation. Regardless of the virus or route, the titer of inoculum was 10⁴TCID₅₀.

Bat group and no.	Virus/ route	Incubation time (dpi)a	Incubation time following arousalb	qPCR results for oral swabs (dpi)c	Ct value of oral swab	Status of bat	Infecting Variant	Rabies virus titer VNA (IU/ml) days post primary inoculation primary inoc
Group 1	LnV1/IM							Pre inocd	14 days post hibernation	30 days post hibernation	45 days post challengee
1				N		A		≤LOD	≤LOD	2.0	≤LOD
2		50	27(18)	P (45)	29	D	LnV1	≤LOD	0.525	2.0g
3		66	19(42)	N	>40i	D	LnV1	≤LOD	4.0g
4		80	33 (42)	P (71)	29	D	LnV1	≤LOD	≤LOD	≤LODg
5				N		A		≤LOD	≤LOD	≤LOD	≤LOD
Group 2	EfV2/IM
6				N		A		≤LOD	NDh	>9.6 IU	6.2
7				N		A		≤LOD	≤LOD	≤LOD	≤LOD
8		137	90(42)	P (136)	30	D	EfV2	≤LOD	≤LOD	>16 IUg
9				N		A		≤LOD	≤LOD	2.8	8.8
10				N		A		≤LOD	≤LOD	≤LOD	1.7
Group 3	MlV1/IM
11		70	23 (42)	N	>40	D	MlV1	≤LODf	≤LOD	≤LODg
12				N		A		≤LOD	≤LOD	≤LOD	3.1
13				N		A		≤LOD	≤LOD	≤LOD	4.6
14				N		A		≤LOD	8.3	4	≤LOD
15				N		A		≤LOD	≤LOD	≤LOD	≤LOD

ND Not done; serum sample was inadequate for testing

^a Days post inoculation

^b Negative or positive (dpi oral swabs were positive)

^c The survival status of the bat is denoted A for alive and D for deceased

^d Bats were bled prior to rabies inoculation

^e Days post challenge. Bats were challenged 9 mo following the first inoculation

^f≤LOD = Below the limit of detection

^g denotes terminal bleed

^h This bat was caught more than 150 days before clinical signs developed. Site of inoculation unknown

ⁱ. Ct values >40 are considered negative