(A) RNF138 co-localize with γH2AX to laser irradiated DNA damage in DNA damage response related gene knockout MEF cells. γH2AX-/-, MDC1-/-, RNF8-/-, 53BP1-/- gene knockout MEF cells was transfected Flag-RNF138 and treated with laser microirradiation. Immunofluorescence staining was performed use Flag and γH2AX antibody as shown. (B) Upper panel: Schematic diagram of protein domain structure of RNF138 and deletion mutation. Lower panel: the relocation kinetics of RNF138 and indicated deletion mutants to sites of laser-induced DNA damage after micro-irradiation in U2OS cells. (C) Upper panel: Schematic diagram of point mutation of protein domain of RNF138. M1 is mutated with C18A, C54A; M2 is mutated with C86A, C159A and C189A. Lower panel: The relocation kinetics of RNF138 and indicated point mutants to sites of laser-induced DNA damage after micro-irradiation in U2OS cells. Scale bar = 10 μm. For quantitative and comparative imaging, signal intensities at the laser line were converted into a numerical value using ImageJ software.