Table 3. Comparison of 48 known WHR SNPs in South Asians and Europeans.
| Marker Name | Nearest Gene | E/A | Ref | EAF | β (SEM) | P value | n | Dir | Power | EAF | β (SEM) | P value | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOUTH ASIANS COMBINED LOLIPOP | EUROPEANS COMBINED REPORTED | ||||||||||||
| rs9491696 | RSPO3 | G/C | (19) | 0.49 | -0.011 (0.012) | 3.5E-01 | 10,318 | - | 84% | 0.48 | 0.042 | 1.8E-40 | 113,582 |
| rs6905288 | VEGFA | A/G | (19) | 0.81 | 0.014 (0.018) | 4.2E-01 | 10,318 | + | 71% | 0.56 | 0.036 | 5.9E-25 | 95,430 |
| rs984222 | TBX15-WARS2 | G/C | (19) | 0.48 | 0.032 (0.012) | 6.6E-03 | 10,318 | + | 64% | 0.64 | 0.034 | 8.7E-25 | 109,623 |
| rs1055144 | NFE2L3 | T/C | (19) | 0.39 | 0.018 (0.012) | 1.3E-01 | 10,318 | + | 63% | 0.21 | 0.04 | 1.0E-24 | 113,636 |
| rs10195252 | GRB14 | T/C | (19) | 0.72 | -0.005 (0.013) | 7.0E-01 | 10,318 | - | 63% | 0.6 | 0.033 | 2.1E-24 | 102,449 |
| rs4846567 | LYPLAL1 | G/T | (19) | 0.76 | 0.008 (0.014) | 5.6E-01 | 10,318 | + | 57% | 0.72 | 0.034 | 6.9E-21 | 91,820 |
| rs1011731 | DNM3-PIGC | G/A | (19) | 0.44 | 0.028 (0.012) | 1.8E-02 | 10,318 | + | 50% | 0.43 | 0.028 | 9.5E-18 | 92,018 |
| rs718314 | ITPR2-SSPN | G/A | (19) | 0.24 | 0.003 (0.014) | 8.1E-01 | 10,318 | + | 46% | 0.26 | 0.03 | 1.1E-17 | 107,503 |
| rs1294421 | LY86 | G/T | (19) | 0.45 | -0.007 (0.039) | 8.5E-01 | 10,318 | - | 49% | 0.61 | 0.028 | 1.8E-17 | 102,189 |
| rs1443512 | HOXC13 | A/C | (19) | 0.32 | 0.002 (0.013) | 9.0E-01 | 10,318 | + | 47% | 0.24 | 0.031 | 6.4E-17 | 112,353 |
| rs4823006 | ZNRF3-KREMEN1 | A/G | (19) | 0.44 | -0.009 (0.012) | 4.8E-01 | 10,318 | - | 36% | 0.57 | 0.023 | 1.1E-11 | 93,911 |
| rs6784615 | NISCH-STAB1 | T/C | (19) | 0.96 | -0.037 (0.03) | 2.1E-01 | 10,318 | - | 30% | 0.94 | 0.043 | 3.8E-10 | 109,028 |
| rs6861681 | CPEB4 | A/G | (19) | 0.13 | 0.007 (0.017) | 6.7E-01 | 10,318 | + | 31% | 0.34 | 0.022 | 1.9E-09 | 85,722 |
| rs6795735 | ADAMTS9 | C/T | (19) | 0.28 | -0.002 (0.014) | 8.6E-01 | 10,318 | - | 41% | 0.59 | 0.025 | 1.1E+13 | 84,480 |
| rs4765219 | CCDC92 | C/A | (22) | 0.79 | 0.005 (0.015) | 7.2E-01 | 10,005 | + | 47% | 0.67 | 0.028 (0.004) | 1.6E-15 | 209,807 |
| rs979012 | BMP2 | T/C | (22) | 0.44 | 0.017 (0.012) | 1.7E-01 | 10,005 | + | 45% | 0.34 | 0.027 (0.004) | 3.3E-14 | 209,941 |
| rs17451107 | LEKR1 | T/C | (22) | 0.73 | 0.010 (0.014) | 4.9E-01 | 9,504 | + | 45% | 0.61 | 0.026 (0.004) | 1.1E-12 | 207,795 |
| rs4081724 | CEBPA | G/A | (22) | 0.96 | 0.031 (0.031) | 3.1E-01 | 9,505 | + | 43% | 0.85 | 0.035 (0.005) | 7.4E-12 | 207,418 |
| rs4646404 | PEMT | G/A | (22) | 0.87 | -0.031 (0.019) | 1.0E-01 | 9505 | - | 45% | 0.67 | 0.027 (0.004) | 1.4E-11 | 198,196 |
| rs12679556 | MSC | G/T | (22) | 0.44 | 0.021 (0.012) | 9.0E-02 | 10,005 | + | 39% | 0.25 | 0.027 (0.004) | 2.1E-11 | 203,826 |
| rs7759742 | BTNL2 | A/T | (22) | 0.58 | -0.005 (0.013) | 7.0E-01 | 9,504 | - | 38% | 0.51 | 0.023 (0.003) | 4.4E-11 | 208,263 |
| rs6090583 | EYA2 | A/G | (22) | 0.54 | -0.015 (0.013) | 2.5E-01 | 9,505 | - | 35% | 0.48 | 0.022 (0.003) | 6.2E-11 | 209,435 |
| rs1440372 | SMAD6 | C/T | (22) | 0.74 | 0.009 (0.014) | 5.3E-01 | 10,005 | + | 35% | 0.71 | 0.024 (0.004) | 1.1E-10 | 207,447 |
| rs7801581 | HOXA11 | T/C | (22) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.24 | 0.027 (0.004) | 3.7E-10 | 195,215 |
| rs1569135 | CALCRL | A/G | (22) | 0.43 | 0.010 (0.012) | 4.0E-01 | 10,005 | + | 32% | 0.53 | 0.021 (0.003) | 5.6E-10 | 209,906 |
| rs905938 | DCST2 | T/C | (22) | 0.85 | 0.003 (0.017) | 8.6E-01 | 9,505 | + | 35% | 0.74 | 0.025 (0.004) | 7.3E-10 | 207,867 |
| rs12608504 | JUND | A/G | (22) | 0.33 | 0.028 (0.013) | 2.7E-02 | 10,005 | + | 33% | 0.36 | 0.022 (0.004) | 8.8E-10 | 209,990 |
| rs8042543 | KLF13 | C/T | (22) | 0.79 | 0.017 (0.016) | 2.7E-01 | 9,505 | + | 34% | 0.78 | 0.026 (0.004) | 1.2E-09 | 208,255 |
| rs1385167 | MEIS1 | G/A | (22) | 0.18 | 0.019 (0.016) | 2.2E-01 | 10,005 | + | 31% | 0.15 | 0.029 (0.005) | 1.9E-09 | 206,619 |
| rs10919388 | GORAB | C/A | (22) | 0.75 | 0.003 (0.014) | 8.3E-01 | 9,505 | + | 34% | 0.72 | 0.024 (0.004) | 3.2E-09 | 181,049 |
| rs10804591 | PLXND1 | A/C | (22) | 0.65 | 0.005 (0.013) | 6.7E-01 | 10,005 | + | 30% | 0.80 | 0.025 (0.004) | 6.6E-09 | 209,921 |
| rs8030605 | RFX7 | A/G | (22) | 0.26 | -0.007 (0.014) | 6.0E-01 | 10,005 | - | 32% | 0.14 | 0.030 (0.005) | 8.8E-09 | 208,374 |
| rs10991437 | ABCA1 | A/C | (22) | 0.09 | 0.003 (0.021) | 8.9E-01 | 10,005 | + | 28% | 0.11 | 0.031 (0.005) | 1.0E-08 | 209,941 |
| rs224333 | GDF5 | G/A | (22) | 0.44 | 0.012 (0.013) | 3.2E-01 | 10,004 | + | 29% | 0.62 | 0.020 (0.004) | 2.6E-08 | 208,025 |
| rs6556301 | FGFR4 | T/G | (22) | 0.41 | 0.034 (0.013) | 6.3E-03 | 9,505 | + | 33% | 0.36 | 0.022 (0.004) | 2.6E-08 | 178,874 |
| rs303084 | SPATA5-FGF2 | A/G | (22) | 0.73 | 0.019 (0.014) | 1.6E-01 | 10,005 | + | 26% | 0.80 | 0.023 (0.004) | 3.9E-08 | 209,941 |
| rs9991328 | FAM13A | T/C | (22) | 0.58 | 0.002 (0.012) | 8.7E-01 | 10,005 | + | 28% | 0.49 | 0.019 (0.003) | 4.5E-08 | 209,925 |
| rs11231693 | MACROD1-VEGFB | A/G | (22) | 0.03 | 0.041 (0.042) | 3.2E-01 | 9,505 | + | 29% | 0.06 | 0.041 (0.008) | 4.5E-08 | 198,072 |
| 27 / 37 | |||||||||||||
| SOUTH ASIANS WOMEN LOLIPOP | EUROPEANS WOMEN REPORTED | ||||||||||||
| rs4684854 | PPARG | C/G | (20) | 0.61 | 0.088 (0.035) | 1.3E-02 | 1,463 | + | 17% | 0.43 | 0.037 | 4.2E-14 | 96,472 |
| rs10478424 | HSD17B4 | A/T | (20) | 0.73 | -0.026 (0.039) | 5.1E-01 | 1,463 | - | 14% | 0.78 | 0.039 | 3.5E-09 | 73,066 |
| rs7830933 | NKX2-6 | A/G | (22) | 0.73 | 0.073 (0.041) | 7.3E-02 | 1,443 | + | 13% | 0.77 | 0.037 (0.005) | 1.2E-12 | 116,567 |
| rs9687846 | MAP3K1 | A/G | (22) | 0.17 | -0.018 (0.047) | 7.1E-01 | 1,443 | - | 14% | 0.19 | 0.041 (0.006) | 3.8E-12 | 115,897 |
| rs2925979 | CMIP | T/C | (22) | 0.30 | 0.051 (0.038) | 1.7E-01 | 1,443 | + | 12% | 0.31 | 0.032 (0.005) | 3.4E-11 | 115,431 |
| rs12454712 | BCL2 | T/C | (22) | 0.45 | 0.043 (0.034) | 2.1E-01 | 1,443 | + | 15% | 0.61 | 0.035 (0.006) | 1.1E-09 | 96,182 |
| rs8066985 | KCNJ2 | A/G | (22) | 0.43 | 0.006 (0.034) | 8.7E-01 | 1,443 | + | 10% | 0.50 | 0.026 (0.005) | 4.0E-09 | 116,683 |
| rs7917772 | SFXN2 | A/G | (22) | 0.40 | 0.031 (0.036) | 3.8E-01 | 1,443 | + | 11% | 0.62 | 0.027 (0.005) | 5.5E-09 | 116,514 |
| rs1776897 | HMGA1 | G/T | (22) | 0.05 | 0.055 (0.077) | 4.7E-01 | 1,443 | + | 12% | 0.08 | 0.052 (0.009) | 6.8E-09 | 100,516 |
| rs3805389 | NMU | A/G | (22) | 0.26 | -0.019 (0.039) | 6.3E-01 | 1,443 | - | 10% | 0.28 | 0.027 (0.005) | 4.6E-08 | 116,226 |
| rs1534696 | SNX10 | C/A | (22) | 0.42 | -0.087 (0.039) | 2.7E-02 | 1,443 | - | 11% | 0.44 | 0.027 (0.005) | 5.4E-08 | 111,643 |
| 7 / 11 | |||||||||||||
Abbreviations: E/A–effect and alternative alleles; EAF—effect allele frequencies; β (SEM)—β coefficients (standard error of mean) per change of WHR-increasing allele on WHR (adjusted for BMI, inverse normal transformed ranked scale); P value—for association with WHR; Dir—direction of effect allele compared to reported European results.