Table 4.
Average treatment effects: Parenting and social support
| Outcome | Scale (>) (1) |
Obs (2) |
Control
|
1 month ATE
|
3 month ATE
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (3) |
SD (4) |
β (5) |
SE (6) |
Δ (7) |
Δ95% (8) |
β (9) |
SE (10) |
Δ (11) |
Δ95% (12) |
|||
| Parenting | ||||||||||||
| Female caregiver report | ||||||||||||
| Negative parenting | 1–5 (−) | 823 | 1.48 | 0.37 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.20 | (−0.08 to 0.49) | −0.05 | 0.07 | 0.14 | (−0.52 to 0.25) |
| Parental involvement | 1–5 (+) | 823 | 3.34 | 0.68 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.06 | (−0.24 to 0.36) | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.08 | (−0.28 to 0.45) |
| Positive parenting | 1–5 (+) | 823 | 3.66 | 0.65 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.16 | (−0.12 to 0.44) | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.12 | (−0.25 to 0.50) |
| Male caregiver report | ||||||||||||
| Negative parenting | 1–5 (−) | 546 | 1.61 | 0.43 | −0.07 | 0.07 | 0.15 | (−0.46 to 0.16) | −0.04 | 0.13 | 0.10 | (−0.70 to 0.51) |
| Parental involvement | 1–5 (+) | 546 | 3.37 | 0.68 | 0.23 | 0.11* | 0.33 | (0.01 to 0.66) | 0.42 | 0.16** | 0.62 | (0.17 to 1.06) |
| Positive parenting | 1–5 (+) | 546 | 3.62 | 0.62 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.39 | (−0.02 to 0.81) | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.30 | (−0.19 to 0.80) |
| Youth report | ||||||||||||
| Negative parenting | 1–5 (−) | 877 | 1.75 | 0.46 | −0.04 | 0.05 | 0.09 | (−0.30 to 0.12) | −0.05 | 0.06 | 0.10 | (−0.35 to 0.15) |
| Positive parenting | 1–5 (+) | 877 | 3.29 | 0.60 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.03 | (−0.22 to 0.29) | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.31 | (−0.06 to 0.69) |
| Parental involvement, female caregiver | 1–5 (+) | 867 | 2.79 | 0.72 | −0.05 | 0.10 | 0.07 | (−0.35 to 0.22) | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.26 | (−0.13 to 0.64) |
| Parental involvement, male caregiver | 1–5 (+) | 664 | 2.53 | 0.80 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.09 | (−0.22 to 0.39) | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.18 | (−0.21 to 0.57) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Social Support | ||||||||||||
| Youth report about female caregiver | ||||||||||||
| Social support, female caregiver | 1–5 (+) | 871 | 3.59 | 0.76 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.08 | (−0.15 to 0.31) | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.22 | (−0.07 to 0.50) |
| Negative interaction, female caregiver | 1–5 (+) | 871 | 4.46 | 0.52 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.14 | (−0.06 to 0.34) | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.14 | (−0.12 to 0.39) |
| Youth report about male caregiver | ||||||||||||
| Social support, male caregiver | 1–5 (+) | 673 | 2.96 | 0.92 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.07 | (−0.20 to 0.34) | 0.31 | 0.15* | 0.34 | (0.02 to 0.66) |
| Negative interaction, male caregiver | 1–5 (+) | 668 | 4.55 | 0.48 | −0.02 | 0.05 | 0.04 | (−0.26 to 0.18) | −0.02 | 0.08 | 0.04 | (−0.36 to 0.28) |
p<0.1,
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001
Note. This table reports average treatment effects that are based on a comparison of treatment and control periods. Column 1 lists the scale of each outcome. The character in parentheses indicates the valence of higher values: good (+) or bad (−). Column 2 reports the number of observations across churches and time periods. Columns 3 and 4 report unadjusted means and standard deviations for outcomes at j=1 when all churches were in the control period. Columns 5 to 8 report the results from an OLS regression of each outcome on a combined indicator of 1- and 3-month post-treatment observations, time fixed effects (omitted), community fixed effects (omitted), and a vector of baseline covariates (omitted). Standard errors clustered at the household-level to account for siblings being nested in households. Columns 9 to 12 report the linear combination of the 1-month and marginal 3-month treatment effects. Columns 7 and 11 report Glass’s Δ, a standardized effect size (ATE/control group SD), and columns 8 and 12 report the 95% confidence interval around these effect size estimates. MCG and FCG indicate male and female caregivers, respectively. Youth-reported negative interactions with caregivers have been reverse coded so that higher scores represent less negative interactions.