Table 1.

Group differences in activity parameters showing least square means and standard deviations after removing variance attributable to age and sex plus analysis of covariance results

Measures	Bipolar	ADHD	ADHD+ Mood	Controls	F-Group	p-Groups	F-Age	p-Age	F-Sex	p-Sex
Activity Levels
10 Most Active Hrs	14640±1780	14503±1767	14276±1767	13342±1746	4.87	p<0.02	13.56	p<0.002	1.44	p>0.4
Mesor 3 Osc. Model	840±118	792±117	785±117	685±115	13.88	p<10−6	5.92	p<0.05	1.07	p>0.4
Time Dependent COV	0.239±0.063	0.271±0.062	0.308±0.062	0.342±0.062	22.73	p<10−9	19.67	p<0.0002	0.00	p>0.9
Diurnal Skew	−.837±0.413	−.508±0.41	−.281±0.41	−.263±0.405	17.44	p<10−7	25.08	p<10−4	0.02	p>0.9
% Very Low Activity	0.43±1.08	0.61±1.07	0.76±1.07	1.79±1.06	14.25	p<10−6	7.87	p<0.02	2.53	p>0.2
% Low Activity	4.27±5.77	5.82±5.73	8.77±5.73	13.5±5.66	22.31	p<10−9	14.78	p<0.0009	0.48	p>0.7
% Moderate Activity	15.6±7.82	17.5±7.76	21.2±7.76	23.3±7.67	8.77	p<0.0002	18.91	p<0.0002	0.61	p>0.6
% High Activity	32.8±9.95	33.9±9.89	28.2±9.88	31.5±9.76	1.74	p>0.3	0.63	p>0.6	0.64	p>0.6
% Very High Activity	47.0±16.7	42.7±16.6	41.5±16.6	31.6±16.4	6.88	p<0.002	16.04	p<0.0006	0.18	p>0.8
Sleep-Related Measures
5 Least Active Hrs	626±253	385±251	336±251	289±248	15.36	p<10−6	5.70	p<0.05	3.27	p>0.1
Nocturnal Activity	106±32.6	74.9±32.4	71.1±32.4	54.8±32	19.69	p<10−8	0.77	p>0.6	0.62	p>0.6
% Nocturnal Activity	4.95±1.53	3.72±1.52	3.71±1.52	3.1±1.5	11.86	p<10−5	0.13	p>0.9	0.53	p>0.6
Total Sleep (min.)	475±59	523±58.6	524±58.6	543±57.9	10.82	p<10−4	38.91	p<10−7	1.94	p>0.3
Sleep Latency (min.)	16.5±7.64	14.4±7.58	12.5±7.58	12.8±7.49	2.32	p>0.1	7.34	p<0.03	1.18	p>0.4
Sleep Efficiency	0.846±0.066	0.888±0.066	0.893±0.066	0.921±0.065	9.99	p<10−4	2.68	p>0.2	0.70	p>0.6
Rhythms and Fluctuations
Circadian Variance	37.3±5.8	36.4±5.75	33.5±5.76	36±5.69	2.14	p>0.2	1.43	p>0.4	1.73	p>0.3
12:24 Hr Variance	10.9±6.68	6.71±6.64	8.33±6.64	6.98±6.56	3.72	p<0.04	17.13	p<0.0004	0.21	p>0.8
Circadian Amplitude	747±116	780±115	748±115	691±114	4.37	p<0.02	37.86	p<10−6	0.14	p>0.9
Rel. Circadian Ampl.	88.9±8.56	98.5±8.5	96±8.5	101±8.39	17.52	p<10−7	46.56	p<10−6	0.60	p>0.6
Hemicircadian Ampl.	207±69.7	181±69.2	208±69.2	149±68.4	6.34	p<0.002	4.00	p>0.1	0.11	p>0.9
Ultradian Amplitude	195±39.4	200±39.1	198±39.1	184±38.6	1.36	p>0.4	22.69	p<10−4	0.05	p>0.9
12:24 Hr Amplitude	29.4±10.9	23.9±10.8	27.3±10.8	21.7±10.6	4.35	p<0.02	19.68	p<0.0002	0.00	p>0.9
3 Oscillator Fit (r)	0.848±0.045	0.84±0.0449	0.808±0.045	0.807±0.044	8.94	p<0.0002	36.18	p<10−6	0.00	p>0.9
Cosinor Acrophase	0.613±0.043	0.598±0.042	0.59±0.0423	0.601±0.042	1.71	p>0.3	36.97	p<10−6	1.91	p>0.3
Entrainment Error	13.9±15	13.8±14.9	14.3±14.9	17±14.7	0.44	p>0.9	15.42	p<0.0007	2.13	p>0.2
Interdaily Stability	0.913±0.051	0.957±0.051	0.931±0.051	0.918±0.050	6.22	p<0.003	5.67	p<0.05	4.27	p<0.1
Intradaily Variability	0.327±0.093	0.338±0.092	0.421±0.093	0.387±0.091	7.41	p<0.0007	21.44	p<10−4	0.00	p>0.9
Vulnerability Index	1.880±0.226	1.690±0.224	1.630±0.224	1.570±0.221	16.16	p<10−7	0.66	p>0.6	1.23	p>0.4