Loss of PDGFRβ in NCC increased cranial bone malformatons. (A–C) A ventral view of the mouse skull derived from E17.5 embryos of the indicated genotype. Anterior is up. (E) Individual cranial skeletal elements dissected from the indicated genotypes. In Pdgfrafl/fl;Pdgfrbfl/fl;Wnt1:Cre+ embryos, the alisphenoid and basisphenoid were reduced, while the hyoid was undetectable. as=alisphenoid, bs=basisphenoid, hy= hyoid, ps=palatal shelf.