Table 3.
Results of Cox proportional hazard models on the effects of baseline education and income on mortality based on race and place.
| HR (SE) | 95% CI | HR (SE) | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 6 | Model 7 | |||
| Race | ||||
| Whites | ref | ref | ||
| Blacks | 1.50 (0.26)* | 1.05–2.14 | 1.41 (0.22)* | 1.03–1.93 |
| Place | ||||
| Inner city | ref | ref | ||
| Suburban | 1.43 (0.31) | 0.92–2.20 | 1.42 (0.28)# | 0.96–2.11 |
| Rural | 1.07 (0.23) | 0.69-–1.65 | 1.19 (0.27) | 0.75–1.90 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | Ref | ref | ||
| Female | 0.55 (0.04)*** | 0.48–0.63 | 0.52 (0.04)*** | 0.45–0.61 |
| Age | 1.09 (0.00)*** | 1.08–1.09 | 1.09 (0.00)*** | 1.08–1.09 |
| Education | ||||
| 11 years or less | Ref | ref | ||
| 12 years or more | 0.62 (0.08)** | 0.47–0.82 | 0.71 (0.10)* | 0.53–0.96 |
| Income | 0.96 (0.03) | 0.89–1.03 | 0.99 (0.03) | 0.93–1.06 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Non-smoker | – | – | ref | |
| Current smoker | – | – | 1.77 (0.14)*** | 1.52–2.07 |
| Exercise | – | – | 0.89 (0.03)*** | 0.84–0.95 |
| Chronic medical conditions | – | – | 1.13 (0.03)*** | 1.07–1.20 |
| Depressive symptoms | – | – | 1.00 (0.04) | 0.93–1.08 |
| Self-rated health | – | – | 1.21 (0.05)*** | 1.11–1.32 |
| Blacks × Education | 0.71 (0.12)* | 0.50–0.99 | 0.70 (0.12)* | 0.50–0.98 |
| Suburban × Education | 0.71 (0.14)# | 0.48–1.04 | 0.73 (0.14) | 0.50–1.07 |
| Rural × Education | 0.84 (0.16) | 0.57–1.23 | 0.82 (0.15) | 0.56–1.18 |
| Blacks × Income | 0.98 (0.03) | 0.92–1.04 | 0.97 (0.03) | 0.92–1.02 |
| Suburban × Income | 0.94 (0.04) | 0.86–1.02 | 0.94 (0.04) | 0.87–1.02 |
| Rural × Income | 0.95 (0.04) | 0.87–1.04 | 0.94 (0.04) | 0.85–1.02 |
#p < 0.1.
*p < 0.05.
**p < 0.01.
***p < 0.001.