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. 2016 May 16;7:11507. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11507

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(a–d) STM topography images and STS maps of empty and filled edge states of decoupled (7, 12), (7, 16), (7, 20) and (7, 48) GNRs on NaCl monolayer islands (U=−0.1 V, I=30 pA). Colour bars: LO=low, HI=high, LDOS=local density of states. (e,f) Differential conductance spectra taken at the terminus (e) and at the centre (f) of each ribbon shown in a–d. Scale bar, 2 nm. (g) Bulk band gap Δ_AC, edge state splitting Δ_ZZ and calculated GW splitting Δ_ZZ(GW) as a function of inverse GNR length (the dashed line serves as a guide to the eye).