Table 1. Spontaneous nicotine withdrawal symptoms measured 16 hours after the chronic (7.3 days) exposure to transdermal nicotine patches (5.2 mg/day).

	Cheek tremors	Teeth chattering	Body/head shakes	Writhes	Gasps
Control	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.2	0.0 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.4
Patch	7.6 ± 1.3***	7.6 ± 1.9***	1.4 ± 0.6	3.2 ± 1.1**	5.9 ± 1.3**

Signs were detected under a dim source of light by blind observation across 12 min. The most evident somatic signs included cheek tremors, teeth chattering, body/head shakes, writhing and gasping. Data are the mean (±SEM) episodes in 12 min. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 difference from control group. For detailed statistics, see “Results”.