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. 2016 Feb 13;56(3):e21–e31. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnv696

Table 6.

Comparison of VOL and Subscale Scores by Race, Sex, and Depressive Symptoms

Race p value Sex p value
White (n = 168)
M (SD)
Black (n = 346)
M (SD)
Female (n = 424)
M (SD)
Male (n = 103)
M (SD)
VOL total 48.2 (8.5) 49.7 (8.5) .054 49.0 (8.4) 50.2 (8.6) .179
Factor 1 30.4 (5.7) 32.0 (5.3) .003 31.5 (5.4) 31.8 (5.6) .521
Factor 2 17.7 (3.6) 17.7 (3.9) .948 17.5 (3.8) 18.4 (3.7) .036