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. 2016 May 20;6:26449. doi: 10.1038/srep26449

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(a,b) The expression levels (in fold change) of HSP70 and HSF1 were measured from 0 to 4 days post-encapsulation (n = 6 for each). (c–h) The other stress response genes: (c) HSP27, (d) HSP90, (e) GRP78, (f) GRP94, (g) ATF4, and (h) CHOP were downregulated after 4 days of encapsulation in collagen gel. In each case, the mean ± 2SE fold change of gene expression was normalized to 18S rRNA and plotted relative to cell suspension. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). n = 10 for cell suspension and n = 30 for the collagen constructs.