Table 2. Post-intervention measurements of body weight, adipose depots, ectopic fat and serum metabolic parameters, daily food intake and daily dietary calorie deficit during 28-day intervention (mean ± sd, P < 0.05 in bold).
| Measurements/Cohort | CR1(N = 7) | CR2(N = 7) | EX1(N = 7) | EX2(N = 7) | CON(N = 7) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 459.43 ± 76.22 | 424.71 ± 69.78 | 498.43 ± 142.39 | 563.14 ± 248.65 | 473.14 ± 56.04 | 0.435 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 158.93 ± 15.32 | 163.23 ± 19.25 | 164.71 ± 24.69 | 160.03 ± 21.34 | 158.83 ± 9.61 | 0.965 |
| Insulin (ng/mL) | 3.57 ± 1.35 | 3.30 ± 0.76 | 2.86 ± 0.57 | 2.74 ± 1.29 | 3.91 ± 0.73 | 0.178 |
| QUICKI@ | 0.244 ± 0.009 | 0.245 ± 0.005 | 0.248 ± 0.006 | 0.252 ± 0.013 | 0.241 ± 0.005 | 0.126 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 26.99 ± 4.92 | 20.77 ± 6.90 | 17.73 ± 2.54 | 14.74 ± 3.67 | 34.34 ± 6.53 | 0.000 |
| Body weight (g) | 360.86 ± 7.97 | 344.71 ± 6.60 | 363.43 ± 10.85 | 360.86 ± 7.97 | 384.44 ± 7.41 | 0.000 |
| Intrahepatic lipid# | 18.24 ± 5.27 | 14.16 ± 5.31 | 19.02 ± 2.92 | 16.94 ± 4.84 | 29.06 ± 11.24 | 0.003 |
| Intramyocellular lipids$ | 1.02 ± 0.28 | 1.07 ± 0.33 | 1.14 ± 0.27 | 1.21 ± 0.35 | 1.06 ± 0.19 | 0.755 |
| SAT (mm3) | 448.85 ± 179.71 | 290.80 ± 133.73 | 287.39 ± 61.14 | 207.55 ± 37.81 | 494.90 ± 113.62 | 0.000 |
| VAT (mm3) | 10410.44 ± 276.94 | 9333.13 ± 1103.97 | 9188.80 ± 627.74 | 8278.41 ± 1054.54 | 10610.23 ± 632.14 | 0.000 |
| Daily food intake (g) | 11.57 ± 0.51 | 9.64 ± 0.42 | 12.83 ± 1.05 | 12.77 ± 0.80 | 13.72 ± 0.47 | 0.000 |
| Dietary calorie deficit* (kcal) | 10.10 | 19.18 | 4.18 | 4.46 | – | – |
#Intrahepatic lipid was calculated by ratio of (Fat/(Fat + H2O))*100.
$Intramyocellular lipid = Intramyocellular lipid/total creatine.
*Dietary calorie deficits evaluated from daily food intake when compared to control.
@QUICKI = 1/(log(Fasting Glucose (mg/dL)) + log(Fasting Insulin (μU/mL)).