Table 2. Associations between Th17-related cytokine levels with AF.
| Cytokines* | Sample sizes, n |
Conditional logistic regression |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AF | Control | OR (95% CI)† | P value | |
| IL-17A, pg/mL | ||||
| <16.30 | 87 | 138 | Reference | |
| 16.30–34.27 | 101 | 125 | 1.34 (0.76–2.37) | 0.312 |
| ≥34.27 | 148 | 73 | 2.58 (1.47–4.55) | 0.001 |
| P value for trend | 0.001 | |||
| IL-17F, pg/mL | ||||
| <0.01 | 184 | 231 | Reference | |
| 0.01–0.02 | 68 | 50 | 1.36 (0.75–2.47) | 0.320 |
| ≥0.02 | 82 | 53 | 1.82 (1.05–3.16) | 0.034 |
| P value for trend | 0.028 | |||
| IL-21, pg/mL | ||||
| <27.62 | 96 | 133 | Reference | |
| 27.62–50.66 | 106 | 120 | 1.20 (0.69–2.08) | 0.518 |
| ≥50.66 | 133 | 82 | 2.08 (1.17–3.72) | 0.013 |
| P value for trend | 0.015 | |||
| IL-22, pg/mL | ||||
| <0.37 | 93 | 135 | Reference | |
| 0.37–0.80 | 107 | 118 | 1.30 (0.75–2.26) | 0.352 |
| ≥0.80 | 134 | 81 | 2.18 (1.26–3.79) | 0.006 |
| P value for trend | 0.006 | |||
| IFN-γ, pg/mL | ||||
| <21.86 | 88 | 140 | Reference | |
| 21.86–49.57 | 103 | 117 | 1.24 (0.69–2.23) | 0.474 |
| ≥49.57 | 144 | 78 | 2.47(1.36–4.49) | 0.003 |
| P value for trend | 0.003 | |||
| IL-10, pg/mL | ||||
| <2.24 | 87 | 139 | Reference | |
| 2.24–8.95 | 106 | 112 | 1.48 (0.84–2.62) | 0.178 |
| ≥8.95 | 139 | 84 | 2.21 (1.25–3.94) | 0.007 |
| P value for trend | 0.007 | |||
| IL-9, pg/mL | ||||
| <12.41 | 89 | 137 | Reference | |
| 12.41–37.27 | 97 | 126 | 1.27 (0.74–2.19) | 0.392 |
| ≥37.27 | 148 | 71 | 2.74 (1.49–5.05) | 0.001 |
| P value for trend | 0.001 | |||
| IL-6, pg/mL | ||||
| <9.40 | 83 | 145 | Reference | |
| 9.40–30.10 | 106 | 114 | 1.42 (0.80–2.52) | 0.232 |
| ≥30.10 | 146 | 76 | 2.50 (1.40–4.47) | 0.002 |
| P value for trend | 0.002 | |||
| IL-4, pg/mL | ||||
| <0.16 | 106 | 134 | Reference | |
| 0.16–0.39 | 96 | 116 | 1.02 (0.59–1.75) | 0.950 |
| ≥0.39 | 134 | 86 | 1.64 (0.95–2.83) | 0.076 |
| P value for trend | 0.079 | |||
AF, atrial fibrillation; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IL-17A, interleukin 17A; IL-17F, interleukin 17F; IL-21, interleukin 21; IL-22, interleukin 22; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL-10, interleukin 10; IL-9, interleukin 9; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-4, interleukin 4.
*The cytokine levels were analysed as ordinal categorical variables using tertiles.
†A multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the OR (95% CI) adjusted for age, history of coronary heart disease, use of statins and aspirin.