Table 1.
Demographics and IQ of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) youth, stratified by ages 8–12 and 13–18 years
| Age 8–12 years | Age 13–18 years | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASD (N = 53) | TD (N = 63) | ASD (N = 58) | TD (N = 51) | |||||
| Mean (s.d.) or N (%) | Mean (s.d.) or N (%) | F value or χ2 | p value | Mean (s.d.) or N (%) | Mean (s.d.) or N (%) | F value or χ2 | p value | |
| Age at assessment (years) | 9.96 (1.37) | 10.65 (1.31) | 7.62 | 0.007** | 14.72 (1.53) | 14.41 (1.42) | 1.21 | 0.274 |
| Age range | 8–12 | 8–12 | 13–18 | 13–18 | ||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 48 (90.6) | 58 (92.1) | 0.08 | 0.775 | 57 (98.28%) | 50 (98.04%) | 0.0084 | 0.927 |
| Female | 5 (9.4%) | 5 (7.9%) | 1 (1.72%) | 1 (1.96%) | ||||
| Full-scale IQ | 108.58 (15.97) | 114.94 (8.92) | 7.27 | 0.008** | 107.07 (12.83) | 109.92 (9.54) | 1.70 | 0.196 |
| Performance IQ | 109.27 (16.34) | 112.51 (12.27) | 1.44 | 0.233 | 107.32 (16.03) | 107.53 (13.00) | 0.01 | 0.942 |
| Verbal IQ | 107.63 (17.29) | 114.71 (9.01) | 7.84 | 0.006** | 107.14 (12.86) | 110.80 (8.32) | 2.99 | 0.087 |
| Mother | ||||||||
| Current age | 40.30 (4.23) | 42.08 (4.38) | 4.89 | 0.029* | 44.81 (4.64) | 44.82 (3.45) | 0.00 | 0.987 |
| Education level | ||||||||
| Senior high or lower | 52 (98.11%) | 63 (100.00%) | 1.20 | 0.274 | 58 (100.00%) | 51 (100.00%) | − | − |
| College or higher | 1 (1.89%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||||
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Professional | 4 (7.55) | 5 (7.94) | 6.24 | 0.044* | 5 (8.62%) | 5 (10.00%) | 0.17 | 0.920 |
| Skilled work | 23 (43.40) | 41 (65.08) | 30 (51.72%) | 24 (48.00%) | ||||
| Others | 26 (49.06) | 17 (26.98) | 23 (39.66%) | 21 (42.00%) | ||||
| Father | ||||||||
| Current age | 43.27 (5.19) | 44.47 (4.80) | 1.64 | 0.204 | 48.41 (4.99) | 47.71 (4.20) | 0.63 | 0.428 |
| Education level | ||||||||
| Senior high or lower | 51 (98.08%) | 62 (100.00%) | 1.20 | 0.273 | 58 (100.00%) | 51 (100.00%) | − | − |
| College or higher | 1 (1.92%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | ||||
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Professional | 9 (17.31%) | 9 (14.52%) | 1.54 | 0.462 | 14 (24.14%) | 8 (16.00%) | 2.25 | 0.324 |
| Skilled work | 41 (78.85%) | 47 (75.81%) | 35 (60.34%) | 37 (74.00%) | ||||
| Others | 2 (3.85%) | 6 (9.68%) | 9 (15.52%) | 5 (10.00%) | ||||
| Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised | ||||||||
| Current | ||||||||
| Qualitative abnormalities in reciprocal social interaction | 10.53 (4.26) | 8.50 (4.24) | 6.30 | 0.014* | ||||
| Qualitative abnormalities in communication (verbal) | 10.12 (3.84) | 13.67 (4.04) | 2.34 | 0.135 | ||||
| Qualitative abnormalities in communication (non-verbal) | 5.06 (2.41) | 7.33 (1.53) | 2.54 | 0.120 | ||||
| Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior | 5.43 (2.44) | 5.05 (2.66) | 0.62 | 0.433 | ||||
| Most typical and severe at 4–5 years | ||||||||
| Qualitative abnormalities in reciprocal social interaction | 20.11 (6.17) | 18.02 (6.73) | 2.91 | 0.091 | ||||
| Qualitative abnormalities in communication (verbal) | 15.11 (3.37) | 12.93 (4.83) | 7.49 | 0.007** | ||||
| Qualitative abnormalities in communication (non-verbal) | 7.51 (2.19) | 6.78 (3.35) | 1.83 | 0.179 | ||||
| Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior | 7.32 (2.45) | 6.97 (2.85) | 0.49 | 0.484 | ||||
| Abnormality of development evident at or before 36 month | 3.17 (1.52) | 2.60 (1.75) | 3.30 | 0.072 | ||||
IQ, Intelligence quotient; s.d., standard deviation.
* p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.