Table 1.

Tasks included for assessment of each executive function

Executive function	Task	Outcome measure
Inhibitory control	Stroop	Stroop interference RT
	RLG	Composite task score (reverse scored)
	Go No-Go	No-Go errors
		Or No-Go correct responses (reverse scored)
	Eriksen flanker task	Interference cost
	Stop signal	Stop signal RT
Switching	Stroop switch	Switch RT
	ToL	Total movements/solution time/proportion of perfect solutions
		Or solution time
	3D ID-ED	Simple reversal (switch cost)
	WCST	Perseverative errors
	Trail Making Test B	Time
	Stockings of Cambridge
	Number–letter task	Switch cost
	Plus-minus task	Switch cost
	Dots-triangles task	Switch cost
	Local-global task	Switch cost
	Rule shift cards test	Task score
Updating	Keep track	Words
	Computation span	Task score
	Consonant/letter updating	Composite score
	Spatial updating	Composite score
	Digit span backwards	Task score
	2-Back letters	Correct responses
	2-Back figures	Correct responses
	Spatial span backwards	Task score
	Subtracting serial sevens	Errors
	Mental counters	Correct responses
Access	COWA/FAS/word fluency	Total words
	CWFT – C letter words	Total words
	CWFT – standardized score	Composite score
	Semantic retrieval task	Low association errors

RT, Reaction time; RLG, random letter generation; ToL, Tower of London; 3D ID-ED, three-dimensional Intra-dimensional/extra-dimensional task; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; COWA, Controlled Oral Word Association; CWFT, Chicago Word Fluency Test.