Table 1.
Anthropometric, metabolic, and sensory testing data in type 2 diabetic and comparison non-diabetic participants at baseline
| Baseline results | Type 2 diabetes | No diabetes | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 206 | 71 | |
| Age, mean years (SD) | 61.0 (8.4) | 60.1 (10.7) | NS |
| Women (%) | 39.4 | 40.7 | NS |
| Ethnic origin | 99.4% white British | 97% white British | NS |
| Duration of diabetes months (SD) | 62.3 (range 1–190) | – | |
| Height, cm (SD) | 170.0 (9.9) | 172.5 (9.5) | NS |
| Weight, kg (SD) | 90.9 (17.5) | 76.7 (14.7) | p<0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 31.3 (5.6) | 25.5 (3.4) | p<0.001* |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg, systolic (SD) | 138.0 (19.0) | 128.3 (16.9) | p<0.001* |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg, diastolic (SD) | 79.3 (9.9) | 79.5 (11.8) | NS |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L(SD) | 5.5 (1.1) | 5.4 (0.9) | NS |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L (SD) | 1.26 (0.26) | 1.8 (1.1) | 0.007* |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.4–2.9) | 1.4 (0.4–2.1) | 0.091† |
| ABPI (SD) | 1.1 (0.11) | Not tested | |
| Mean right VPT (SD) | 16.7 (10.2) | 9.1 (4.7) | p<0.001* |
| Mean left VPT (SD) | 16.1 (10.6) | 9.6 (5.1) | p<0.001* |
| Number failed >1 10 g MF | 39 of 206 | 0 of 71 | p<0.001‡ |
| Number failed >2 6 g MF | 51 of 206 | 3 of 71 | p<0.001‡ |
| Number neuropathic symptoms | 11 of 206 | 0 of 71 | p<0.001‡ |
*Two-tailed t test unequal variance.
†Log-transformed data.
‡χ2 test.
ABPI, ankle-brachial pressure index; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; MF, monofilament; NS, not significant; VPT, vibration perception threshold.