TABLE 1.
Cause | Potential mechanism |
---|---|
HIV toxicity to HSPCs | HIV infection and replication in HSPCs Cytotoxicity of HIV proteins including gp120, Nef, Gag p24 and Tat |
Impairment of hematopoietic niche | HIV infection of niche cells Local production of HIV by infected niche cells Impairment of niche cell-cell contact support to hematopoiesis Disruption of hematopoietic growth factor and cytokine environment in the niche network |
Autoimmune disorders | Generation of anti-neutrophil autoantibodies |
Marrow toxicity of secondary infections | Invasion of the bone marrow by pathogens responsible for secondary infections Increase in peripheral destruction of granulocytes |
Hemophagocytic syndrome | Activation of histiocytes and phagocytosis of hematopoietic precursor cells |
Therapeutic agents with myelotoxicity | Cytotoxicity to HSPCs |
Confounding factors such as alcohol abuse | Cytotoxicity to HSPCs Disruption of hematopoietic niche environment |