Table 3.
Child/family characteristics associated with CHP-identified psychosocial problems or parental concerns in children aged 0–12 years
| CHP identifies problems | Parents have concerns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % CHP identified problems | Unadjusted OR (95 % CI) n = 3,870 | Adjusted OR# (95 % CI) n = 3,870 | % parental concern | Unadjusted OR (95 % CI) n = 3,870 | Adjusted OR# (95 % CI) n = 3,870 | |
| Child: CBCL/ITSEA problem score | ||||||
| No clinical score$ | 16.0 | 1 | 1 | 36.0 | 1 | 1 |
| Clinical score | 47.2 | 4.66 (3.37–6.44) | 3.43 (2.41–4.89) | 82.8 | 8.63 (6.17–12.07) | 7.69 (5.39–10.97) |
| Child: history of problems | ||||||
| No$ | 11.7 | 1 | 1 | 34.9 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 48.6 | 6.56 (5.29–8.14) | 5.85 (4.75–7.21) | 56.7 | 2.47 (2.05–2.98) | 2.28 (1.91–2.73) |
| Environmental: life events | ||||||
| No$ | 16.6 | 1 | 1 | 37.2 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 24.8 | 1.60 (1.25–2.05) | 1.20 (0.92–1.59) | 47.3 | 1.54 (1.23–1.93) | 1.55 (1.21–1.99) |
| Parenting: Parenting efficacy | ||||||
| Higher efficacy$ | 15.4 | 1 | 1 | 34.0 | 1 | 1 |
| Lower efficacy | 24.4 | 1.73 (1.43–2.09) | 1.28 (1.05–1.56) | 52.7 | 2.17 (1.88–2.51) | 1.92 (1.65–2.23) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Girl$ | 15.1 | 1 | 1 | 37.2 | 1 | 1 |
| Boy | 20.0 | 1.38 (1.18–1.61) | 1.21 (1.02–1.43) | 39.5 | 1.10 (0.96–1.25) | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Industrialized country$ | 16.8 | 1 | 1 | 38.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Non-Industrialized country | 20.6 | 1.27 (1.18–1.61) | 0.87 (0.66–1.14) | 37.8 | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 0.78 (0.64–0.94) |
| Age | ||||||
| 14 months$ | 9.0 | 1 | 1 | 40.4 | 1 | 1 |
| 3 years 9 months | 14,1 | 1.67 (1.04–2.68) | 1.39 (0.89–2.16) | 44.7 | 1.20 (0.97–1.48) | 1.14 (0.91–1.42) |
| 5/6 years | 24.6 | 3.20 (2.03–5.04) | 2.49 (1.55–4.00) | 39.6 | 0.96 (0.77–1.21) | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) |
| 8–12 years | 16.8 | 2.40 (1.53–3.77) | 1.61 (1.00–2.58) | 31.4 | 0.67 (0.53–0.85) | 0.60 (0.47–0.76) |
| Educational level | ||||||
| Low$ | 20.8 | 1 | 1 | 36.1 | 1 | 1 |
| Average | 16.2 | 0.72 (0.59–0.88) | 0.85 (0.69–1.05) | 39.5 | 1.04 (0.66–1.64) | 1.25 (1.05–1.50) |
| High | 14.3 | 0.56 (0.44–0.72) | 0.70 (0.53–0.91) | 40.0 | 1.16 (0.96–1.40) | 1.39 (1.13–1.71) |
| Unknown | 16.9 | 0.74 (0.41–1.34) | 0.62 (0.35–1.08) | 36.9 | 1.14 (0.98–1.34) | 1.10 (0,66–1.82) |
| CHP’s use of screening instruments | ||||||
| Never$ | 16.6 | 1 | 1 | 38.3 | 1 | 1 |
| When indicated | 19.3 | 1.16 (0.81–1.66) | 1.53 (1.10–2.14) | 39.2 | 1.06 (0.75–1.50) | 1.00 (0.73–1.37) |
| At each assessment | 26.6 | 1.85 (1.27–2.70) | 1.38 (0.86–2.22) | 36.5 | 0.93 (0.71–1.22) | 0.90 (0.72–1.14) |
| Combination child, parenting, environmental stressors | & | & | ||||
| Not in child and parenting/context$ | 10.0 | 1 | 1 | 29.6 | 1 | 1 |
| Not in child but in parenting/context | 13.4 | 1.33 (1.01–1.76) | 1.28 (0.96–1.71) | 43.8 | 1.88 (1.59–2.22) | 2.11 (1.77–2.51) |
| In child, but not in parenting/context | 43.9 | 6.40 (4.90–8.38) | 6.20 (4.72–8.13) | 53.3 | 2.78 (2.21–3.48) | 3.11 (2.47–3.91) |
| Both in child and parenting/context | 49.1 | 8.16 (6.22–10.70) | 7.84 (5.85–10.51) | 68.1 | 5.20 (4.26–6.36) | 6.24 (5.04–7.73) |
# Adjusted for other parent, child, environmental stressors and child, family, and CHP background characteristics. $ = Reference group
Bold: significant ORs, p < 0.05
& adjusted for child, family, CHP background characteristics