Table 3.
Associations between Nonviolent and Violent-Only Groups on Noncriminogenic Needs.
| Noncriminogenic Needs | Nonviolent | Violent Only | p | Φ | OR (Violent Only/Nonviolent) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Chronic history of offenses | 528/2,454 (21.5%) | 139/727 (19.1%) | .163 | −.025 | |
| Financial/accommodation problems | 509/2,454 (20.7%) | 124/727 (17.1%) | .029 | −.039 | |
| History of bullying | 229/2,454 (9.3%) | 63/727 (8.7%) | .585 | −.010 | |
| History of running away | 329/2,454 (13.4%) | 79/727 (10.9%) | .072 | −.032 | |
| History of sexual/physical assault | 450/2,454 (18.3%) | 242/727 (33.3%) | <.001† | .152 | 2.22 |
| Peers outside age range | 335/2,454 (13.7%) | 90/727 (12.4%) | .376 | −.016 | |
| Poor problem-solving skills | 684/2,454 (27.9%) | 267/727 (36.7%) | <.001† | .081 | 1.50 |
| Poor social skills | 155/2,454 (6.3%) | 52/727 (7.2%) | .442 | .014 | |
| Underachievement | 630/2,454 (25.7%) | 186/727 (25.6%) | .962 | −.001 | |
| Gang membership | 581/2,454 (23.7%) | 267/727 (36.7%) | <.001† | .124 | 1.87 |
Note. OR is only displayed for significant χ2 tests. OR = odds ratio.
†Significant after false discovery rate correction. *Significant at .05 level.