Table 4.
Associations Between Nonviolent and Violent-Plus Groups on Noncriminogenic Needs.
| Noncriminogenic Needs | Nonviolent | Violent Plus | p | Φ | OR (Violent Plus/Nonviolent) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Chronic history of offenses | 528/2,454 (21.5%) | 111/476 (23.3%) | .383 | .016 | |
| Financial/accommodation problems | 509/2,454 (20.7%) | 109/476 (22.9%) | .291 | .020 | |
| History of bullying | 229/2,454 (9.3%) | 69/476 (14.5%) | <.001† | .063 | 1.65 |
| History of running away | 329/2,454 (13.4%) | 80/476 (16.8%) | .050 | .036 | |
| History of sexual/physical assault | 450/2,454 (18.3%) | 162/476 (34.0%) | <.001† | .142 | 2.28 |
| Peers outside age range | 335/2,454 (13.7%) | 64/476 (13.4%) | .905 | −.002 | |
| Poor problem-solving skills | 684/2,454 (27.9%) | 193/476 (40.5%) | <.001† | .102 | 1.76 |
| Poor social skills | 155/2,454 (6.3%) | 31/476 (6.5%) | .872 | .003 | |
| Underachievement | 630/2,454 (25.7%) | 135/476 (28.4%) | .222 | .023 | |
| Gang membership | 581/2,454 (23.7%) | 210/476 (44.1%) | <.001† | .170 | 2.55 |
Note. OR is only displayed for significant χ2 tests. OR = odds ratio.
†Significant after false discovery rate correction. *Significant at .05 level.