Table 2.

Unadjusted ORs for associations between sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and hyponatraemia

	Serum sodium level
	Hyponatraemia	Normal
Characteristic	N (%)	N (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	p Value*
Age (years)				0.83
60–69	20 (39.2)	65 (40.6)	1
70–79	22 (43.1)	62 (38.8)	1.15 (0.57 to 2.32)
≥80	9 (17.7)	33 (20.6)	0.89 (0.36 to 2.16)
Sex				0.60
Male	18 (35.3)	63 (39.4)	1
Female	33 (64.7)	97 (60.6)	0.84 (0.44 to 1.62)
GFR, n=157
Stage 1	5 (17.9)	18 (13.9)	1
Stage 2	7 (25.0)	29 (22.5)	0.87 (0.24 to 3.16)	0.69
Stage 3	11 (39.3)	63 (48.8)	0.63 (0.19 to 2.05)
Stage 4	2 (7.1)	13 (10.1)	0.55 (0.09 to 3.31)
Stage 5	3 (10.7)	6 (4.7)	1.80 (0.33 to 9.89)
Falls				0.02
No	43 (84.3)	152 (95.0)	1
Yes	8 (15.7)	8 (5.0)	3.53 (1.25 to 9.97)
Altered mentation				0.01
No	39 (76.5)	146 (91.3)	1
Yes	12 (23.5)	14 (8.7)	3.21 (1.37 to 7.49)
Abnormal behaviour				0.01
No	45 (88.2)	157 (98.1)	1
Yes	6 (11.8)	3 (1.9)	6.98 (1.68 to 29.01)
Salt intake				0.07
No	8 (15.7)	11 (6.9)	1
Yes	43 (84.3)	149 (93.1)	0.40 (0.15 to 1.05)
Vomiting				0.01
No	35 (68.6)	137 (85.6)	1
Yes	16 (31.4)	23 (14.4)	2.72 (1.30 to 5.70)
Diabetes mellitus				0.09
No	49 (96.1)	142 (88.7)	1
Yes	2 (3.9)	18 (11.3)	3.10 (0.69 to 13.87)
Stroke				0.95
No	49 (96.1)	154 (96.2)	1
Yes	2 (3.9)	6 (3.8)	0.95 (0.19 to 4.88)
CKD				0.79
No	49 (96.1)	155 (96.9)	1
Yes	2 (3.9)	5 (3.1)	0.79 (0.15 to 4.20)
Loop diuretics				0.01
No	11 (21.6)	65 (40.9)	1
Yes	40 (78.4)	94 (59.1)	2.51 (1.20 to 5.26)
Potassium sparing				0.08
No	38 (74.5)	136 (85.5)	1
Yes	13 (25.5)	23 (14.5)	2.02 (0.94 to 4.36)
BP, n=207				0.03
Normal	21 (42.9)	41 (25.9)	1
High	28 (57.1)	117 (74.1)	0.47 (0.24 to 0.91)

*χ².

BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate.