Figure 3.

LLG charcoal influx (CHAR or particles cm⁻² yr⁻¹) with LOWESS showing BCHAR (black line), fire episodes (top red vertical bars) as identified by a 300 year background window and local threshold [26]. Pollen-based biome summaries [22] for SDTF-type (green), savanna-type (yellow) (which may include aquatic grasses) and riparian forest-type (blue) are presented as in Metcalfe et al. [21]. The percentage of all other pollen types not contributing to these three community types including Poaceae (averaging 46%) and Cyperaceae (averaging 16%) for the Holocene are shown in grey. Particle size analysis shows the clay (4–62 µm) and sand (125–1250 µm) fractions, Pediastrum argentiniense is shown as an indicator of shallow-water conditions [19] and fire frequency (red) is expressed as the number of fire episodes per 1000 years. Lastly, fire episode magnitude (shown at bottom as a red histogram) represents the amount of CHAR exceeding average background CHAR with each fire episode.