Table 3.

Adaptations to increase resiliency of water supplies to disruptions by fire. Implementation level: (1) relatively low cost given availability of staff and data; (2) moderate cost and difficulty; and (3) high cost, very difficult owing to legislative, political, monetary and practical constraints.

time frame	adaptation	implementation level
preparation	establish contingency plans	1
	identify alternate water sources	1
	identify critical source-water areas	1
	build collaborations	1
	identify vulnerabilities and system deficiencies	2
	pre-fire fuel thinning	2
	pre-fire modelling to determine areas at greatest risk of flooding, erosion and deposition	2
	develop real time monitoring networks	3
	plan and get permits to construct pre-sedimentation basins	3
response	close water intakes	1
	implement post-fire rehabilitation measures to stabilize hillslopes, channels and infrastructure	2
	install high-frequency chemical and turbidity sensors (ideally with telemetry capability)	2
	post-fire modelling to identify potential flooding, erosion and deposition	3
	construct pre-sedimentation basins	3
recovery	strengthen existing infrastructure	2
	build new infrastructure	3