Table 2.

Odds Ratios and Associated 95% Confidence Intervals of Being the Top 10% of the Total Hospital Costs in the Following Year (n=9624)

Characteristics	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7	Model 8
Age	1.02 (1.01–1.02)^**	1.01 (1.01–1.02)^**	1.01 (1.01–1.02)^**	1.01 (1.01–1.02)^**	1.01 (1.01–1.02)^**	1.01 (1.00–1.02)^**	1.01 (1.00–1.02)^**	1.01 (1.00–1.02)^**
Gender
Males	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Females	1.17 (1.02–1.34)^*	1.17 (1.02–1.34)^*	1.20 (1.05–1.38)^**	0.98 (0.86–1.13)	1.20 (1.04–1.37)^*	0.99 (0.86–1.15)	1.02 (0.88–1.17)	1.02 (0.88–1.17)
Race ethnicities
White Non-Hispanic	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Black Non-Hispanic	0.81 (0.70–0.95)^**	0.79 (0.68–0.92)^**	0.81 (0.69–0.94)^**	0.83 (0.71–0.96)^*	0.80 (0.69–0.94)^**	0.82 (0.70–0.95)^*	0.81 (0.69–0.95)^*	0.81 (0.70–0.95)^*
Other Non-Hispanic	0.54 (0.38–0.77)^**	0.59 (0.42–0.84)^**	0.60 (0.42–0.86)^**	0.53 (0.37–0.75)^**	0.60 (0.42–0.86)^**	0.55 (0.39–0.78)^**	0.55 (0.38–0.78)^**	0.55 (0.38–0.78)^**
Hispanic Any Race	1.10 (0.72–1.69)	1.14 (0.74–1.76)	1.15 (0.74–1.77)	0.94 (0.60–1.46)	1.14 (0.74–1.77)	0.95 (0.61–1.49)	0.95 (0.61–1.49)	0.95 (0.61–1.49)
Panels
2012 – 2013	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2011 – 2012	1.00 (0.85–1.19)	0.99 (0.83–1.16)	1.02 (0.86–1.21)	0.99 (0.84–1.18)	1.02 (0.86–1.21)	1.00 (0.84–1.18)	1.00 (0.84–1.18)	1.00 (0.84–1.18)
2010 – 2011	1.00 (0.85–1.17)	0.99 (0.85–1.17)	1.04 (0.89–1.22)	1.00 (0.85–1.18)	1.04 (0.89–1.22)	1.01 (0.86–1.19)	1.02 (0.87–1.20)	1.02 (0.87–1.20)
Number of chronic conditions (year 1)		1.22 (1.16–1.29)^**			1.11 (0.93–1.33)	1.08 (1.02–1.14)^**		0.98 (0.82–1.18)
Top 10 chronic conditions (year 1)
Mental health problems			1.07 (0.93–1.24)		0.97 (0.77–1.22)		0.97 (0.84–1.13)	0.99 (0.79–1.25)
Hypertension			1.24 (1.07–1.44)^**		1.12 (0.88–1.42)		1.04 (0.89–1.22)	1.07 (0.84–1.36)
Diabetes			0.95 (0.81–1.11)		0.86 (0.68–1.08)		0.98 (0.83–1.15)	0.99 (0.79–1.26)
COPD/Asthma			1.11 (0.93–1.32)		0.94 (0.68–1.31)		1.03 (0.86–1.23)	1.06 (0.76–1.42)
Coronary artery disease/ MI			1.53 (1.25–1.89)^**		1.38 (1.05–1.82)^*		1.24 (1.00–1.53)	1.26 (0.96–1.66)
Liver disease			1.60 (1.24–1.89)^**		1.42 (1.02–1.97)^*		1.27 (0.98–1.66)	1.30 (0.93–1.82)
Cancer			1.77 (1.36–2.31)^**		1.58 (1.14–2.19)^**		1.17 (0.88–1.54)	1.19 (0.85–1.67)
Heart disease			1.42 (1.05–1.91)^*		1.28 (0.90–1.81)		1.32 (0.98–1.79)	1.35 (0.95–1.66)
Cerebrovascular disease			1.10 (0.74–1.65)		0.98 (0.62–1.54)		0.92 (0.61–1.39)	0.94 (0.59–1.49)
Congestive heart failure			2.30 (1.63–3.26)^**		2.07 (1.41–3.07)^**		2.24 (1.56–3.20)^**	2.28 (1.53–3.40)^**
Total hospital visits (year 1)				1.14 (1.12–1.16)^**		1.13 (1.11–1.15)^**	1.13 (1.11–1.15)^**	1.13 (1.11–1.15)^**
Number of prescription drugs (year1)
0				-		-	-	-
1–2				1.29 (1.01–1.63)^*		1.27 (1.00–1.62)^*	1.32 (1.04–1.68)^*	1.32 (1.04–1.68)^*
3–5				1.23 (0.99–1.52)		1.20 (0.97–1.49)	1.25 (1.01–1.55)^*	1.25 (1.01–1.55)^*
6 or more				1.53 (1.25–1.86)^**		1.51 (1.24–1.84)^**	1.55 (1.27–1.90)^**	1.55 (1.27–1.90)^**

p<0.05;

^**

p<0.01

Model 1: age, age quadratic term, gender, race and panel indicator

Model 2: Model 1 + number of chronic conditions

Model 3: Model 1 + 10 most prevalent chronic conditions

Model 4: Model 1 + health utilization variables

Model 5: Model 1 + number of chronic conditions + 10 most prevalent chronic conditions

Model 6: Model 1 + number of chronic conditions + health utilization variables

Model 7: Model 1 + 10 most prevalent chronic conditions + health utilization variables

Model 8: Model 1 + number of chronic conditions + 10 most prevalent chronic conditions + health utilization variables