Table 1.
Sample Characteristics (N = 15,102)
| Attributes | Frequency | Percentage | Mean | SD | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | |||||
| Annual salary | $88,544 | $28,430 | ($17,500–210,000) | ||
| Main explanatory variables | |||||
| Female | 9,797 | 35.1 | .65 | .48 | (0, 1) |
| Male | 5,305 | 64.9 | |||
| Race | |||||
| White | 13,363 | 88.5 | .89 | .32 | (0, 1) |
| Black | 428 | 2.8 | .03 | .16 | (0, 1) |
| Hispanic | 554 | 3.7 | .04 | .19 | (0, 1) |
| Asian | 593 | 3.9 | .04 | .20 | (0, 1) |
| Other | 164 | 1.1 | .01 | .10 | (0, 1) |
| Mediators | |||||
| Specialty | |||||
| Family medicine | 3,682 | 24.4 | .24 | .43 | (0, 1) |
| Surgery | 2,461 | 22.9 | .26 | .44 | (0, 1) |
| Pediatrics | 611 | 4.1 | .04 | .20 | (0, 1) |
| Internal medicine | 2,598 | 17.2 | .17 | .38 | (0, 1) |
| Emergency medicine | 1,554 | 10.3 | .10 | .30 | (0, 1) |
| Other | 3,196 | 21.2 | .18 | .39 | (0, 1) |
| Hours worked (per week) | 41.23 | 11.07 | (0, 93.5) | ||
| Geographical region | |||||
| West | 1,844 | 12.2 | .12 | .33 | (0, 1) |
| Mountain | 1,426 | 9.4 | .09 | .29 | (0, 1) |
| Midwest | 3,535 | 23.4 | .23 | .42 | (0, 1) |
| Northeast | 3,484 | 23.1 | .23 | .42 | (0, 1) |
| South | 4,053 | 26.8 | .27 | .44 | (0, 1) |
| DC area | 760 | 5.0 | .05 | .22 | (0, 1) |
| Urban/rural area | |||||
| Urban (250K+ residents) | 11,016 | 72.9 | .73 | .44 | (0, 1) |
| Small city (<250K residents) | 1,844 | 12.2 | .12 | .33 | (0, 1) |
| Suburban | 1,318 | 8.7 | .09 | .28 | (0, 1) |
| Rural | 924 | 6.1 | .06 | .24 | (0, 1) |
| Control variables | |||||
| Age (5‐year intervals) | 41.0 | 11.24 | (27, 72) | ||
| Education | |||||
| Associate's | 800 | 5.3 | .05 | .22 | (0, 1) |
| Bachelor's | 8,775 | 58.1 | .58 | .49 | (0, 1) |
| Master's | 3,265 | 21.6 | .22 | .41 | (0, 1) |
| Doctorate | 2,262 | 14.9 | .15 | .36 | (0, 1) |
| Age at graduation | 29.2 | 4.7 | |||
| Less than 25 years old | .16 | .36 | (0, 1) | ||
| 25–27 years old | .30 | .46 | (0, 1) | ||
| 28–33 years old | .30 | .46 | (0, 1) | ||
| 34 years or older | .24 | .43 | (0, 1) | ||
| Years since graduation (<3, 4–6, 7–10, 11–15, 16–20, >20) | 10.22 | 7.27 | (3,23) | ||
| Years practiced in current specialty (<1, 1–3, 4–6, 7–10, 11–15, 16–20, >20) | 3.22 | 1.76 | (1,7) | ||
| Extra pay/fees available | .88 | .33 | (0, 1) | ||
| Incentives available | .30 | .46 | (0, 1) | ||
Source: American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) Census of Physician Assistants (2009).