Table 1.
Hospital Characteristics before and after Matching
| (1) All Hospitals (N = 2,098) | (2) Non‐Magnet Hospitals (n = 1,886) | (3) Magnet Hospitals (n = 212) | (4) Matched Non‐Magnet Hospitals (n = 212) | Differences | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (3) − (2) | (3) − (4) | |||||
| Structural | ||||||
| Average (mean) no. of beds | 401 | 219 | 425 | 394 | 206 | 31 |
| Percent high technology (%) | 40.2 | 36.4 | 74.1 | 75.9 | 37.6 | −1.9 |
| Teaching status (%) | ||||||
| Percent nonteaching | 72.6 | 75.0 | 50.9 | 56.6 | −24.1 | −5.7 |
| Percent minor teaching | 18.9 | 17.9 | 27.4 | 25.0 | 9.4 | 2.4 |
| Percent major teaching | 8.5 | 7.1 | 21.7 | 18.4 | 14.6 | 3.3 |
| Ownership/affiliation (%) | ||||||
| Percent not‐for‐profit | 85.5 | 84.3 | 96.7 | 97.6 | 12.4 | −0.9 |
| Percent Catholic‐affiliated | 15.4 | 15.2 | 17.5 | 18.4 | 2.2 | −0.9 |
| Financial | ||||||
| Average (mean) occupancy rate | 129 | 129 | 127 | 127 | −2 | 0 |
| Average (mean) payroll expenses per bed in dollars | 346,349 | 338,878 | 412,819 | 413,080 | 73,941 | −261 |
| % Medicare (mean) | 52 | 51 | 49 | 49 | −2.0 | 0.0 |
| % Medicaid (mean) | 19 | 19 | 16 | 16 | −3.0 | 0.0 |
| Geographic (%) | ||||||
| Percent urban | 70.5 | 68.0 | 92.5 | 92.9 | 24.4 | −0.4 |
| Percent rural referral centers | 11.7 | 12.0 | 9.0 | 11.8 | −3.0 | −2.8 |
The average propensity score is 0.2215 for Magnets and 0.2195 for matched non‐Magnets.
Source: Authors' analysis of data from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey and American Nurses Credentialing Center list of Magnet hospitals.