Table 3.

Multivariate Analysis Results, 2009

	Independent Variables	Model 1			Model 2
		Coefficient (SE)	95% CI		Coefficient (SE)	95% CI
Primary	Chronic conditions discharges (ref: 0–1 conditions)
	2–3 conditions	0.44 (0.218)a	0.02	0.87	0.43 (0.213)a	0.01	0.85
	4+ conditions	0.25 (0.116)a	0.02	0.48	0.27 (0.112)a	0.05	0.49
Geographic	Population density	−3.2E‐07 (4.1E‐07)	−1.1E‐06	5.0E‐07	−4.0E‐07 (4.1E‐07)	−1.2E‐06	4.02E3‐07
	Rural/urban (ref: urban)
	Suburban	0.00 (0.015)	−0.03	0.03	−0.01 (0.015)	−0.03	0.02
	Large town	−0.02 (0.015)	−0.05	0.01	−0.02 (0.015)	−0.05	0.01
	Small town	−0.05 (0.018)a	−0.09	−0.02	−0.05 (0.018)a	−0.09	−0.02
	Rural/isolated	0.01 (0.022)	−0.04	0.05	0.01 (0.022)	−0.04	0.05
	State (ref: California)
	Florida	0.05 (0.022)a	0.01	0.09	0.07 (0.023)a	0.03	0.12
	Missouri	0.19 (0.022)b	0.14	0.23	0.20 (0.022)b	0.15	0.24
	Nebraska	0.08 (0.031)a	0.02	0.14	0.10 (0.030)a	0.04	0.16
	New York	0.12 (0.015)b	0.09	0.15	0.12 (0.017)b	0.08	0.15
	Tennessee	0.00 (0.024)	−0.04	0.05	0.01 (0.024)	−0.04	0.06
Demographics	Gender (ref: female)
	Male	−0.46 (0.193)a	−0.84	−0.09	−0.55 (0.185)a	−0.91	−0.19
	Age (ref: 18–34 years)
	35–44 years	1.32 (0.035)b	0.64	2.00	1.24 (0.345)	0.56	1.92
	45–54 years	−0.13 (0.456)	−1.03	0.76	−0.16 (0.443)	−1.03	0.71
	55–64 years	0.54 (0.469)	−0.38	1.46	0.41 (0.474)	−0.52	1.34
	65–74 years	−1.41 (0.592)a	−2.57	−0.25	−1.43 (0.589)a	−2.59	−0.28
	75–84 years	1.42 (0.717)a	0.02	2.83	1.44 (0.730)a	0.01	2.87
	85+ years	−0.77 (0.810)	−2.36	0.81	−1.11 (0.857)	−2.79	0.57
	Ethnicity (ref: non‐Hispanic)
	Hispanic	−0.05 (0.040)	−0.13	0.02	−0.04 (0.039)	−0.12	0.03
	Race (ref: white)
	Black	0.04 (0.037)	−0.03	0.11	0.02 (0.039)	−0.06	0.09
	Other	0.07 (0.052)	−0.03	0.18	0.07 (0.052)	−0.03	0.17
	Median income, 2008	−2.9E‐07 (5.1E‐07)	−1.3E‐06	7.2E‐07	−3.1E‐07 (5.2E‐07)	−1.3E‐06	7.1E‐07
Accessibility	Primary care physician (ref: 0–4 PCP per 100,000), 2007
	5 to 14 per 100,000	0.06 (0.017)b	0.02	0.09	0.06 (0.017)b	0.02	0.09
	15 to 57 per 100,000	0.05 (0.019)a	0.01	0.08	0.05 (0.018)a	0.01	0.09
	58+ per 100,000	0.06 (0.020)a	0.02	0.10	0.06 (0.020)a	0.03	0.10
	Discharges by insurance type (ref: private)
	Medicare	0.87 (0.110)b	0.65	1.08	0.78 (0.116)b	0.56	1.01
	Medicaid	0.35 (0.120)a	0.12	0.59	0.33 (0.125)a	0.08	0.58
	Uninsured	0.43 (0.257)	−0.08	0.93	0.42 (0.261)	−0.09	0.94
	Other	0.51 (0.175)a	0.17	0.86	0.57 (0.187)a	0.21	0.94
Hospital	Hospital mortality				2.15 (0.873)a	0.44	3.86
	Length of stay (days)				0.02 (0.012)	−0.01	0.04
	Hospital size (ref: small)
	Percent large				−0.06 (0.025)a	−0.11	−0.01
	Percent medium				−0.09 (0.028)b	−0.15	−0.04

Number of observations in both regression models = 1,261. Rounding errors may be present in the estimates.

^aEstimates are significant at the α = .05 level.

^bEstimates are significant at the α = .001 level.