Table 3.
Independent Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient (SE) | 95% CI | Coefficient (SE) | 95% CI | ||||
Primary | Chronic conditions discharges (ref: 0–1 conditions) | ||||||
2–3 conditions | 0.44 (0.218)a | 0.02 | 0.87 | 0.43 (0.213)a | 0.01 | 0.85 | |
4+ conditions | 0.25 (0.116)a | 0.02 | 0.48 | 0.27 (0.112)a | 0.05 | 0.49 | |
Geographic | Population density | −3.2E‐07 (4.1E‐07) | −1.1E‐06 | 5.0E‐07 | −4.0E‐07 (4.1E‐07) | −1.2E‐06 | 4.02E3‐07 |
Rural/urban (ref: urban) | |||||||
Suburban | 0.00 (0.015) | −0.03 | 0.03 | −0.01 (0.015) | −0.03 | 0.02 | |
Large town | −0.02 (0.015) | −0.05 | 0.01 | −0.02 (0.015) | −0.05 | 0.01 | |
Small town | −0.05 (0.018)a | −0.09 | −0.02 | −0.05 (0.018)a | −0.09 | −0.02 | |
Rural/isolated | 0.01 (0.022) | −0.04 | 0.05 | 0.01 (0.022) | −0.04 | 0.05 | |
State (ref: California) | |||||||
Florida | 0.05 (0.022)a | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.07 (0.023)a | 0.03 | 0.12 | |
Missouri | 0.19 (0.022)b | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.20 (0.022)b | 0.15 | 0.24 | |
Nebraska | 0.08 (0.031)a | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.10 (0.030)a | 0.04 | 0.16 | |
New York | 0.12 (0.015)b | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.12 (0.017)b | 0.08 | 0.15 | |
Tennessee | 0.00 (0.024) | −0.04 | 0.05 | 0.01 (0.024) | −0.04 | 0.06 | |
Demographics | Gender (ref: female) | ||||||
Male | −0.46 (0.193)a | −0.84 | −0.09 | −0.55 (0.185)a | −0.91 | −0.19 | |
Age (ref: 18–34 years) | |||||||
35–44 years | 1.32 (0.035)b | 0.64 | 2.00 | 1.24 (0.345) | 0.56 | 1.92 | |
45–54 years | −0.13 (0.456) | −1.03 | 0.76 | −0.16 (0.443) | −1.03 | 0.71 | |
55–64 years | 0.54 (0.469) | −0.38 | 1.46 | 0.41 (0.474) | −0.52 | 1.34 | |
65–74 years | −1.41 (0.592)a | −2.57 | −0.25 | −1.43 (0.589)a | −2.59 | −0.28 | |
75–84 years | 1.42 (0.717)a | 0.02 | 2.83 | 1.44 (0.730)a | 0.01 | 2.87 | |
85+ years | −0.77 (0.810) | −2.36 | 0.81 | −1.11 (0.857) | −2.79 | 0.57 | |
Ethnicity (ref: non‐Hispanic) | |||||||
Hispanic | −0.05 (0.040) | −0.13 | 0.02 | −0.04 (0.039) | −0.12 | 0.03 | |
Race (ref: white) | |||||||
Black | 0.04 (0.037) | −0.03 | 0.11 | 0.02 (0.039) | −0.06 | 0.09 | |
Other | 0.07 (0.052) | −0.03 | 0.18 | 0.07 (0.052) | −0.03 | 0.17 | |
Median income, 2008 | −2.9E‐07 (5.1E‐07) | −1.3E‐06 | 7.2E‐07 | −3.1E‐07 (5.2E‐07) | −1.3E‐06 | 7.1E‐07 | |
Accessibility | Primary care physician (ref: 0–4 PCP per 100,000), 2007 | ||||||
5 to 14 per 100,000 | 0.06 (0.017)b | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.06 (0.017)b | 0.02 | 0.09 | |
15 to 57 per 100,000 | 0.05 (0.019)a | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.05 (0.018)a | 0.01 | 0.09 | |
58+ per 100,000 | 0.06 (0.020)a | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.06 (0.020)a | 0.03 | 0.10 | |
Discharges by insurance type (ref: private) | |||||||
Medicare | 0.87 (0.110)b | 0.65 | 1.08 | 0.78 (0.116)b | 0.56 | 1.01 | |
Medicaid | 0.35 (0.120)a | 0.12 | 0.59 | 0.33 (0.125)a | 0.08 | 0.58 | |
Uninsured | 0.43 (0.257) | −0.08 | 0.93 | 0.42 (0.261) | −0.09 | 0.94 | |
Other | 0.51 (0.175)a | 0.17 | 0.86 | 0.57 (0.187)a | 0.21 | 0.94 | |
Hospital | Hospital mortality | 2.15 (0.873)a | 0.44 | 3.86 | |||
Length of stay (days) | 0.02 (0.012) | −0.01 | 0.04 | ||||
Hospital size (ref: small) | |||||||
Percent large | −0.06 (0.025)a | −0.11 | −0.01 | ||||
Percent medium | −0.09 (0.028)b | −0.15 | −0.04 |
Number of observations in both regression models = 1,261. Rounding errors may be present in the estimates.
Estimates are significant at the α = .05 level.
Estimates are significant at the α = .001 level.