Table 3.
Results from multiple-lag models examining association of inflammatory markers [change (95%CI)] with an interquartile range increase of air pollutants in the U.S. trucking industry a
| Inflam. | Exposure | ECb | occ | PM2.5d | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Marker | Period | Change | (95%CI) | Change | (95%CI) | Change | (95% CI) |
| CRP | Lag0-12 | -0.40 | (-1.44, 0.64) | 1.18 | (-2.43, 4.79) | 1.12 | (-1.31, 3.54) |
| (mg/L) | Lag12-24 | -1.04 | (-3.59, 1.50) | -1.77 | (-4.72, 1.19) | -0.84 | (-3.05, 1.36) |
| Lag24-36 | -0.34 | (-1.13, 0.45) | -2.37 | (-6.72, 1.99) | -1.19 | (-3.85, 1.46) | |
| Lag36-48 | 0.08 | (-0.85, 1.00) | 0.06 | (-1.86, 1.97) | 0.28 | (-0.99, 1.55) | |
| Net effect | -1.71 | (-5.07, 1.66) | -2.90 | (-7.36, 1.57) | -0.64 | (-3.19, 1.90) | |
| IL-6 | Lag0-12 | 0.06 | (-0.48, 0.61) | 0.47 | (-1.19, 2.14) | 0.30 | (-0.79, 1.39) |
| (pg/mL) | Lag12-24 | -0.15 | (-1.52, 1.22) | 1.19 | (-1.16, 3.53) | 0.66 | (-0.98, 2.31) |
| Lag24-36 | 0.00 | (-0.36, 0.37) | -0.22 | (-2.09, 1.65) | 0.48 | (-0.82, 1.78) | |
| Lag36-48 | -0.22 | (-0.95, 0.51) | -1.69 | (-4.29, 0.91) | -0.61 | (-1.74, 0.53) | |
| Net effect | -0.30 | (-1.88, 1.28) | -0.25 | (-2.76, 2.26) | 0.84 | (-0.88, 2.56) | |
| slCAM-1 | Lag0-12 | 0.94 | (-9.88, 11.8) | 0.52 | (-27.2, 28.3) | -10.8 | (-28.9, 7.15) |
| (ng/mL) | Lag12-24 | 24.9 | (2.95, 46.8) | 54.9 | (12.3, 97.5) | 24.5 | (-6.15, 55.1) |
| Lag24-36 | 12.1 | (2.10, 22.1) | 46.5 | (21.2, 71.8) | 29.2 | (4.36, 54.1) | |
| Lag36-48 | -13.2 | (-28.3, 1.91) | -16.9 | (-64.5, 30.8) | -15.5 | (-39.4, 8.48) | |
| Net effect | 24.7 | (-2.37, 51.8) | 85.0 | (28.8, 141.3) | 27.4 | (-20.4, 75.2) | |
Linear regression model using robust variance; adjusted for age (quartile), race, sex, obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2), exercise (>2hrs/wk), smoking status, secondhand smoke exposure in the past 24 hrs, and cholesterol drug use.
Corresponds to an IQR increase of Lag0-12 EC: 0.16 μg/m3
Corresponds to an IQR increase of Lag0-12 OC: 3.47 μg/m3
Corresponds to an IQR increase of Lag0-2 PM2.5: 6.85 μg/m3
Net effect represents the summed up effect estimates of Lag0-12, Lag12-24, Lag24-36, and Lag36-48. Standard error of the net effect was calculated by square-root of the sum of variance and covariance of the four effect estimates.