Table 3. Incidence of diabetes per IQR (9.7 ppb) increase in NO2 in strata of covariates, NO2 estimates from LUR in 56 cities, exposure metric = overall mean.
| Cases/PYs | Model 2 HR (95% CI)* | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Neighborhood SES | ||
| Quintile 1 | 1081/85,569 | 0.89 (0.67, 1.18) |
| Quintile 2 | 934/86,213 | 0.99 (0.75, 1.29) |
| Quintile 3 | 879/88,921 | 0.95 (0.74, 1.21) |
| Quintile 4 | 833/95,834 | 0.79 (0.62, 0.99) |
| Quintile 5 | 660/96,683 | 0.84 (0.66, 1.07) |
| Interaction p-value: | 0.77 | |
| BMI | ||
| <25 | 298/135,021 | 1.22 (0.83, 1.79) |
| 25-29 | 1184/154,702 | 1.04 (0.86, 1.25) |
| ≥30 | 2905/163,498 | 0.97 (0.87, 1.10) |
| Interaction p-value: | 0.83 | |
| Age | ||
| <40 | 655/133,509 | 0.94 (0.75, 1.19) |
| 40-54 | 2200/224,159 | 0.97 (0.86, 1.10) |
| ≥55 | 1532/95,553 | 1.04 (0.89, 1.20) |
| Interaction p-value: | 0.72 | |
| Education | ||
| ≤HS | 980/71,966 | 0.98 (0.78, 1.24) |
| Some college | 1476/142,585 | 0.97 (0.81, 1.16) |
| College graduate | 1926/238,024 | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) |
| Interaction p-value: | 0.89 | |
| Hypertension | ||
| No | 1932/310,669 | 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) |
| Yes | 2455/142,551 | 0.91 (0.80, 1.04) |
| Interaction p-value: | 0.19 | |
| Vigorous exercise | ||
| <5 hours/week | 4157/407,886 | 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) |
| ≥5 hours/week | 187/41,596 | 0.69 (0.37, 1.27) |
| Interaction p-value: | 0.60 | |
| Smoking | ||
| Never | 2344/281,409 | 0.93 (0.81, 1.05) |
| Past or current | 2037/170,892 | 1.04 (0.90, 1.21) |
| Interaction p-value: | 0.11 | |
| Meat/fried food diet pattern score | ||
| Quintile 1 | 700/87,221 | 0.90 (0.69, 1.18) |
| Quintile 2 | 755/85,892 | 0.77 (0.60, 1.00) |
| Quintile 3 | 814/86,307 | 1.10 (0.85, 1.42) |
| Quintile 4 | 866/86,104 | 0.98 (0.77, 1.24) |
| Quintile 5 | 965/84,832 | 1.00 (0.80, 1.25) |
| Interaction p-value: | 0.96 | |
*
Adjusted for the following, unless the variable is the stratifying variable: age, questionn aire cycle, metro area, BMI (weight in kg/height2 in m) (<25, 25-29.9, 30-34.9, 35-39.9, ≥40), years of education (≤12, 13-15, 16, ≥17), hours/wee k vigorous exercise (none, <5, ≥5), vegetable/fruit diet pattern score (quintiles) and meat/fried foods diet pattern score (quintiles), and smoking status (never, past, <15 cigarettes/day, ≥15 cigarettes/day).