Table 1.
Selected baseline characteristics of ViDA study participantsa
| N (%) or Mean (SD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | All | Placebo | Vitamin D |
| Age (years) | 59.6 (5.1) | 59.0 (4.7) | 60.3 (5.3) |
| Weight (kg) | 87.7 (16.3) | 88.1 (17.1) | 87.4 (15.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.4 (5.8) | 32.5 (6.1) | 32.3 (5.5) |
| Body Fat (%) | 47.4 (4.9) | 47.5 (4.5) | 47.3 (5.2) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100.1 (12.3) | 100.3 (13.5) | 100.0 (11.0) |
| Race/Ethnicity [n, (%)] | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 188 (86.2%) | 94 (86.2) | 94 (86.2) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 13 (6.0%) | 6 (5.5) | 7 (6.4) |
| Hispanic | 5 (2.3%) | 4 (3.7) | 1 (0.9) |
| Other (American Indian, Asian or Unknown) | 12 (5.5%) | 5 (4.6) | 7 (6.4) |
| College graduate [n, (%)] | 161 (73.9%) | 79 (72.5) | 82 (75.2) |
| Moderate to vigorous physical activity (min/wk) | 142.2 (143.2) | 146.6 (140.4) | 137.9 (146.5) |
| Energy intake (kcal/d)b | 2004 (699.3) | 1982 (678) | 2025 (722) |
| Relative % energy from fat | 33.0 (6.2) | 32.6 (5.7) | 33.4 (6.7) |
| Relative % energy from protein | 17.6 (3.2) | 17.9 (3.5) | 17.2 (2.9) |
| Relative % energy from carbohydrate | 48.3 (7.4) | 48.1 (7.1) | 48.5 (7.8) |
| Dietary vitamin D intake (μg) | 6.6 (4.6) | 6.9 (5.2) | 6.3 (4.0) |
| Vitamin D supplement intake (IU) | 280.0 (134.5) | 303.6 (125.2) | 262.7 (140.5) |
| Total calcium intake, diet + supplement (mg) | 1120 (600) | 1170 (633) | 1071 (564) |
| Sun exposure (hrs/wk)c | 2.4 (1.3) | 2.2 (1.3) | 2.5 (1.3) |
| Serum 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 21.4 (6.1) | 21.4 (6.1) | 21.4 (6.2) |
| Estrone (pg/mL) | 43.3 (17.3) | 43.3 (17.4) | 43.2 (17.3) |
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 12.7 (6.0) | 12.5 (5.7) | 13.0 (6.2) |
| Free Estradiol (pg/mL) | 0.33 (0.18) | 0.33 (0.18) | 0.34 (0.19) |
| Bioavailable Estradiol (pg/mL) | 8.5 (4.6) | 8.4 (4.5) | 8.6 (4.7) |
| Testosterone (ng/dL) | 25.6 (12.0) | 24.4 (10.7) | 26.7 (13.0) |
| Free Testosterone (ng/dL) | 5.2 (2.5) | 5.0 (2.4) | 5.3 (2.6) |
| Bioavailable Testosterone (ng/dL) | 12.6 (6.2) | 12.3 (6.0) | 13.0 (6.5) |
| Sex hormone binding globulin (nmol/L) | 46.1 (22.4) | 45.1 (21.8) | 47.0 (22.9) |
a
Sex hormone concentrations exclude six participants with estradiol >42pg/mL
b
Values derived from FFQ were truncated <600 kcal and >4000 kcal.
c
Calculated based on average exposure between 1000 and 1600; reported separately for weekdays and weekends.