Table 2.
12-month change in sex hormone concentrations by study arm.
| PLACEBO
|
VITAMIN D
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geo Mean (95% CI) | Change | % | Geo Mean (95% CI) | Change | % | pa | pb | Pc | |||
| Baseline | 12 months | Baseline | 12 months | ||||||||
| Estrone (pg/mL) | 40.3 (37.5, 43.4) | 37.9 (35.1, 41.0) | −2.4 | −6.0 | 40.3 (37.6, 43.2) | 37.0 (34.4, 43.8) | −3.3 | −8.1 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.83 |
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 11.4 (10.5, 12.3) | 10.2 (9.3, 11.2) | −1.2 | −10.2 | 11.8 (10.9, 12.8) | 10.1 (9.2, 11.0) | −1.7 | −14.4 | 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.69 |
| Free Estradiol (pg/mL) | 0.29 (0.26, 0.32) | 0.25 (0.22, 0.28) | −0.04 | −14.6 | 0.30 (0.27, 0.33) | 0.24 (0.22, 0.26) | −0.06 | −19.5 | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.54 |
| Bioavailable Estradiol (pg/mL) | 7.4 (6.7, 8.1) | 6.3 (5.6, 7.1) | −1.1 | −14.7 | 7.6 (6.9, 8.3) | 6.1 (5.5, 6.7) | −1.5 | −19.6 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.55 |
| Testosterone (ng/dL) | 22.1 (20.2, 24.1) | 21.6 (19.5, 23.9) | −0.5 | −2.3 | 24.1 (22.1, 26.2) | 23.0 (20.7, 25.6) | −1.1 | −4.4 | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.75 |
| Free Testosterone (pg/mL) | 4.4 (4.0, 4.9) | 4.0 (3.6, 4.5) | −0.42 | −9.5 | 4.7 (4.3, 5.2) | 4.1 (3.7, 4.6) | −0.6 | −12.8 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.99 |
| Bioavailable Testosterone (ng/dL) | 10.9 (9.9, 12.0) | 9.9 (8.8, 11.0) | −1.0 | −9.3 | 11.6 (10.6, 12.7) | 10.2 (9.1, 11.3) | −1.5 | −12.6 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.98 |
| Sex hormone binding globulin (nmol/L) | 40.6 (37.2, 44.4) | 47.1 (42.9, 51.7) | 6.5 | 16.0 | 42.1 (38.5, 46.1) | 50.3 (46.0, 55.1) | 8.2 | 19.5 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.50 |
a
GEE model comparing the 12-mo change between vitamin D vs. placebo; all available data, unadjusted.
b
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, baseline serum 25(OH)D, and baseline BMI.
c
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, baseline serum 25(OH)D, baseline BMI, vitamin D intake (diet + non-study supplements), average sun exposure (hrs/d), and total 12-month weight loss