Table 2.

Histological staining methods for observing milky spots

Staining methods	Researches	Year	Studying model	Stained content of MS	Result
Toluidine-blue staining	Shimotsuma et al.[31]	1991	Infants	Mast cells	Purple
Activated carbon	Clark et al. [44]	2013	Mouse	MS, macrophages	Black
	Di Paolo et al. [48]	2005	Mouse
	Hagiwara et al. [10]	1993	Mouse
	Shimotsuma et al. [43]	1989	Mouse
India ink	Krishnan et al. [40]	2012	Mouse	MS, blood vessels	Black
H&E staining	Clark et al. [44]	2013	Mouse	Immune cells	Purple
	Krishnan et al. [40]	2012	Mouse
	Panasco et al. [25]	2010	Mouse
	Khan et al. [11]	2010	Mouse
	Abe et al. [45]	2009	Mouse
	Collins et al. [37]	2009	Human	MS	Purple cellular clusters
Nonspecific esterase stain	Hagiwara et al. [10]	1993	Mouse	Macrophages, T lymphocytes	Dark red
Giemsa staining	Clark et al. [44]	2013	Mouse	Immune cells	Dark staining areas
	Panasco et al. [25]	2010	Mouse
Immunohisto-/cyto-chemistry	Sedlacek et al. [46]	2013	Mouse	Immune cells	With reference to the original literature
	Khan et al. [11]	2010	Mouse
	Sorensen et al. [12]	2009	Mouse
	Gerber et al. [28]	2006	Mouse
	Krist et al. [30]	1997	Infants
	Shimotsuma et al. [31]	1991	Infants
	Wijffels et al. [24]	1992	Mouse
	Beelen et al. [42]	1988	Mouse
Immunofluorescence staining	Oosterling et al. [47]	2006	Mouse	Macrophages	Green
	Gerber et al. [28]	2006	Mouse	GFP-tagged immune cells	Green
Infiltrated tumor cells	Tsujimoto et al. [19]	1996	Mouse	Melanoma cells	Black

GFP green fluorescent protein