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. 2016 May 6;4(2):e59. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.5149

Table 3.

Smoking knowledge and attitudes before and after the mobile app use.

Cognitive and behavioral factors of smoking cessation		Pretest	Posttest	t -test
	Knowledge Score Questionnaire (mean±(SD^a))	27.4 (2.6)	30.5 (3.1)	0.0001^b
Attitudes toward smoking		%	%	χ² *( P )*
	I cannot quit smoking	36	18	4.6 (0.03)^b
	I have no desire to quit smoking	18	13	0.6 (0.43)
	I would lose a lot in my life if I quit smoking	15	11	0.3 (0.57)
	Health risks of smoking are exaggerated	20	11	1.7 (0.19)
	If I continue to smoke, my risk of dying from smoking-related disease is significantly higher comparing with an average nonsmoker	89	95	1.1 (0.30)
Self-efficacy/temptation factors^c		Mean±(SD)	Mean±(SD)	t -test
	Positive Affect/Social Situations	21.3 (5.9)	20.8 (6.3)	0.64
	Negative Affect Situations	24.5 (5.0)	23.4 (5.7)	0.26
	Habitual/Craving Situations	16.3 (4.9)	15.9 (5.2)	0.69

^aSD: standard deviation.

^bPre/post difference is statistically significant.

^cHigher the score, more tempted to smoke.