Table 2.
Univariate analysis of variables associated with mortality at day 28 in the overall population
| Survivors (n = 81) | Non-survivors (n = 34) | Odds ratio (95 % CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | ||||
| Age (years) | 56 ± 15 | 60 ± 15 | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.13 |
| Gender (male) | 54 (67 %) | 23 (68 %) | 0.96 (0.41–2.25) | 0.92 |
| ICU admission before 2011 | 24 (30 %) | 14 (41 %) | 1.66 (0.72–3.82) | 0.23 |
| Noninvasive ventilation as a first-line therapy | 34 (42 %) | 22 (65 %) | 2.67 (1.16–6.12) | 0.03 |
| SAPS II score | 42 ± 12 | 47 ± 13 | 1.036 (1.00–1.07) | 0.04 |
| Modified SOFA score excluding respiratory item | 3 (1–6) | 4 (1–7) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 0.44 |
| Knaus chronic health status score | 0.32 | |||
| A | 24 (30 %) | 10 (29 %) | 1 | |
| B | 31 (38 %) | 8 (24 %) | 0.62 (0.21–1.81) | |
| C | 23 (28 %) | 13 (38 %) | 1.36 (0.50–3.70) | |
| D | 3 (3.7 %) | 3 (8.8 %) | 2.40 (0.41–13.98) | |
| Mac Cabe classification | 0.32 | |||
| 1 | 28 (35 %) | 11 (32 %) | 1 | |
| 2 | 37 (46 %) | 12 (35 %) | 0.83 (0.32–2.14) | |
| 3 | 16 (20 %) | 11 (32 %) | 1.75 (0.62–4.94) | |
| Type of immunosuppression | 0.08 | |||
| Hematologic cancer or neutropenia | 49 (60 %) | 15 (44 %) | 1 | |
| Solid cancer | 9 (11 %) | 10 (29 %) | 3.53 (1.21–10.27) | |
| Drug-induced immunosuppression | 21 (26 %) | 9 (26 %) | 1.41 (0.54–3.70) | |
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome | 2 (2 %) | 0 (0 %) | 0.64 (0.02–27.52) | |
| Variables at inclusion | ||||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 111 ± 23 | 113 ± 21 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.71 |
| Systolic arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | 126 ± 24 | 126 ± 29 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.96 |
| Diastolic arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | 67 ± 18 | 67 ± 13 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.99 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 28 (25–32) | 30 (27–34) | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) | 0.19 |
| SpO2 (%) | 96 (94–99) | 94 (90–97) | 0.90 (0.83–0.97) | 0.01 |
| Body temperature (°C) | 38.0 ± 1.2 | 37.7 ± 0.9 | 0.82 (0.58–1.18) | 0.29 |
| pH | 7.46 (7.42–7.49) | 7.44 (7.40–7.49) | 0.59 (0.00–21.07) | 0.30 |
| Sodium bicarbonate (mmol/l) | 24 (22–27) | 24 (22–27) | 1.03 (0.94–1.12) | 0.83 |
| PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio (mmHg) | 158 ± 59 | 141 ± 48 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.15 |
| PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio ≤ 200 mmHg | 62 (77 %) | 29 (85 %) | 1.78 (0.60–5.23) | 0.29 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 74 (61–88) | 70 (57–93) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.38 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 34 (31–40) | 34 (31–45) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.56 |
| PaCO2 > 45 mmHg | 8 (10 %) | 6 (18 %) | 1.96 (0.62–6.14) | 0.24 |
| Bilateral lung infiltrate | 69 (85 %) | 27 (79 %) | 0.67 (0.24–1.89) | 0.45 |
| Vasopressors within 24 h after ICU admission | 10 (12 %) | 13 (38 %) | 2.18 (0.85–5.62) | 0.11 |
| Immunosuppressive drug during ICU stay | 22 (27 %) | 6 (17 %) | 0.58 (0.21–1.58) | 0.35 |
| Cause of respiratory failure | 0.13 | |||
| Documented infection | 38 (47 %) | 17 (50 %) | 1 | |
| Cardiogenic pulmonary edema | 10 (12 %) | 0 (0 %) | 0.11 (0.01–2.17) | |
| Specific | 11 (14 %) | 8 (24 %) | 1.63 (0.56–4.76) | |
| Other identified causes | 12 (15 %) | 6 (18 %) | 1.14 (0.37–3.54) | |
| Not identified cause | 10 (12 %) | 3 (9 %) | 0.73 (0.19–2.91) |
Nominal variables are given as number (%), and continuous data are given as median (25th–75th percentile) or mean ± standard deviation (SD) according to their distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test
SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment