Table 4.
Comparison of baseline characteristics and outcomes between propensity score-matched patients treated by noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV) or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy alone
| NIV (n = 24) | HFNC (n = 33) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62 ± 11 | 62 ± 11 | 0.72 |
| Gender (male) | 18 (75 %) | 17 (52 %) | 0.13 |
| Knaus chronic health status score | 0.53 | ||
| A | 8 (33 %) | 9 (27 %) | |
| B | 6 (25 %) | 11 (33 %) | |
| C | 10 (42 %) | 11 (33 %) | |
| D | 0 (0.0 %) | 2 (6.1 %) | |
| Mac Cabe classification | 0.27 | ||
| 1 | 11 (46 %) | 12 (36 %) | |
| 2 | 6 (25 %) | 15 (45 %) | |
| 3 | 7 (29 %) | 6 (18 %) | |
| SAPS II at ICU admission (points) | 40 ± 11 | 44 ± 12 | 0.52 |
| Modified SOFA score at inclusion (points) | 1.5 (0.0–4.0) | 3.0 (1.0–6.0) | 0.44 |
| Type of immunosuppression | 0.19 | ||
| Hematologic cancer or neutropenia | 12 (50 %) | 18 (55 %) | |
| Solid cancer | 7 (29 %) | 3 (9.1 %) | |
| Drug-induced immunosuppression | 5 (21 %) | 11 (33 %) | |
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome | 0 (0.0 %) | 1 (3.0 %) | |
| Cause of respiratory failure | 0.08 | ||
| Documented infection | 9 (38 %) | 19 (58 %) | |
| Cardiogenic pulmonary edema | 4 (27 %) | 3 (9.1 %) | |
| Specific | 6 (25 %) | 1 (3.0 %) | |
| Other identified causes | 2 (8.3 %) | 6 (18 %) | |
| Not identified cause | 3 (13 %) | 4 (12 %) | |
| Clinical and biological parameters at inclusion | |||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 107 ± 21 | 112 ± 21 | 0.55 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 ± 22 | 127 ± 23 | 0.17 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 30 ± 6 | 29 ± 6 | 0.76 |
| SpO2 (%) | 94 ± 5 | 96 ± 4 | 0.10 |
| Body temperature (°C) | 37.9 ± 1.1 | 37.9 ± 1.1 | 0.66 |
| Bilateral lung infiltrates on chest X-ray | 19 (79 %) | 31 (93 %) | 0.12 |
| Arterial pH | 7.45 ± 0.07 | 7.46 ± 0.06 | 0.43 |
| PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio (mmHg) | 154 ± 57 | 156 ± 57 | 0.98 |
| PaO2-to-FiO2 ratio ≤ 200 mmHg | 18 (75 %) | 24 (73 %) | 0.85 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 39 ± 8 | 33 ± 5 | 0.03 |
| PaCO2 > 45 mmHg | 4 (17 %) | 1 (3.0 %) | 0.15 |
| Sodium bicarbonate (mmol/l) | 26 ± 4 | 24 ± 4 | 0.10 |
| Vasopressors within 24 h after ICU admission | 1 (4.2 %) | 4 (12 %) | 0.39 |
| Time from admission to ventilatory support initiation (h) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0.98 |
| Need for immunosuppressive drug during ICU stay | 5 (21 %) | 4 (12 %) | 0.47 |
| Admission before 2011 | 12 (50 %) | 7 (21 %) | 0.04 |
| Primary outcome | |||
| 28-day mortality | 10 (42 %) | 5 (15 %) | 0.03 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||
| Intubation | 13 (54 %) | 10 (30 %) | 0.07 |
| Mortality of intubated | 10/13 (77 %) | 4/10 (40 %) | 0.07 |
| Time from admission to intubation (h) | 48 (20–78) | 35 (22–59) | >0.99 |
| Length of invasive mechanical ventilation (days) | 8 (5–18) | 5 (3–10) | >0.99 |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | 7 (5–16) | 6 (4–9) | 0.13 |
| In-ICU mortality | 10 (42 %) | 4 (12 %) | 0.01 |
Nominal variables are given as number (%), and continuous data are given as median (25th–75th percentile) or mean ± standard deviation (SD) according to their distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test
SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment