Table 5.
Details of number of dogs, 95 % CI affected cases, AED doses and serum levels, treatment period and adverse effects
| Study | AED | No of dogs | Prevalence | 95 % CI affected case | Doses of AEDs | Serum levels of AEDs | Treatmentperiod | Body system affected and adverse effects | Most common adverse effects | Adverse effect type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| von Klopmann et al. 2007 | Zonisamide as an adjunct to PHB and/or PBr | 11 | 72.7 % | 46.4 %–99.0 % | Zonisamide: mean, 8.9; range, 5–11 mg/kg PO BID PHB and PBr: NA but continued unchanged or reduced if appropriate |
Zonisamide: median, 19.2; range, 15.2–38. 4 lg/ml. PHB: median, 121; range, 66–150 5 lmol/l. PBr: median 1.2; range, 0.7–1.7 g/l. |
range, 4–17 m | Neurological (ataxia, sedation), ClinPath (increased ALP, ALT and GLDH) | ataxia, sedation, increased ALP | I |
| Chung et al. 2012 | Zonisamide | 10 | 10 % | −8.6 %–28.6 % | median 9.5; mean 8.65; range 2.5–12 mg/kg PO BID | range, 15.24–22.41 mg/mL | median, 12; mean, 11.2 m | Neurological (sedation), GI (vomiting, anorexia) | sedation, vomiting, anorexia | I |
| Dewey et al. 2004 | Zonisamide as an adjunct to PHB and/or PBr and/or felbamate and/or gaba and/or cloraz | 12 | 50 % | 21.7 %–78.3 % | Zonisamide: mean, 8.9; range, 5–11 mg/kg PO BID. Other AEDs: NA but in 9/12 dogs concurrent AEDs doses were eliminated or reduced. |
Zonisamide: median, 23.5; mean, 21.2 μg/mL. | mean, 8; median, 9; range, 2–18 m | Neurological (ataxia, sedation), GI (vomiting), ClinPath (ALP) | ataxia, increased ALP | I |
| Walker et al. 1988 | Zonisamide | 40 | NA | NA | 10, 30 or 75 mg/kg PO SID | range, 10–140 ug/ml | 13 m | Neurological (aggression) GI (emaciation), ClinPath (increased ALP, decreased albumin) | aggression, increased ALP, decreased albumin | I |
| Boothe et al. 2008 | Zonisamide | 8 | 0 % | 0 % | 6.9 mg/kg IV SID or 10.3 mg⁄kg PO SID | range, 6–55 mcg⁄ml | 2 m | Endocrine (Decreased total T4) (However, total T4 was only slightly decreased at the study end) |
NA | I |
| Cook et al. 2011 | Zonisamide | 1 | NA | NA | range, 7.9–8.4 mg/kg PO BID | 38 μg/mL | 18 m | ClinPath (mixed acid base disorder) | NA | II |
| Miller et al. 2011 | Zonisamide | 1 | NA | NA | 7.7 mg/kg PO BID | NA | 0.3 m | GI (hepatoxicity) | NA | II |
Abbreviations: AED(s) anti-epileptic drug(s), BID bis in die (twice daily), Chloraz Chlorazepate, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, CL confidence level, Gaba Gabapentin, IE idiopathic epilepsy, LEV Levetiracetam, m month(s), NA Not Available, PHB phenobarbital, PD polydipsia, PU polyuria, PP polyphagia, PBr potassium bromide, Prim primidone, PO per os, SID semel in die (once daily), TID ter in die (three times daily), TPM Topiramate, w week(s), y year(s)