Table 6.
Details of number of dogs, 95 % CI affected cases, AED doses and serum levels, treatment period and adverse effects
| Studies | AED | No of dogs treated | Prevalence | 95 % CI affected cases | Doses of AEDs | Serum levels of AEDs | Treatment period | Body system affected and adverse effects | Most common adverse effects | Adverse effect type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schwartz-Porsche et al. 1982 | Prim | 30 | NA | NA | range, 13–100 mg/kg PO SID | range, 6–37 μg/ml | range 6–96 m | Neurological (sedation, hind limb weakness), GI (PP), PU, PD, ClinPath (ALP, SGPT) | sedation, PU, PD | I |
| Schwartz-Porsche et al. 1985 | Prim | 20 | NA | NA | range, 17–107 mg/kg PO SID | range, 0.5–58 μg/ml | mean, 14; range, 6.0–35 m | Neurological (sedation, hind limb weakness, ataxia), GI (PP), PD, ClinPath (ALT, ALP, GLDH) | sedation, PU, increased ALT, ALP and GLDH | I |
| Farnbach et al. 1984 | Prim | 23 | 4.3 % | −4.0 %–12.6 % | range, 15.2–82 mg/kg PO SID | range, 4.8–70.7 μg/ml | NA | Neurological (sedation, ataxia) | sedation, ataxia | I |
| Cunningham et al. 1983 | Prim | 15 | NA | NA | 10.6–39.4 mg/kg PO TID | mean, 2.4 μg/ml | 9 m | Neurological (disorientation, ataxia, hyperactivity, pacing), GI (PP), PU, PD | PU, PD, PP, drowsiness, ataxia | I |
| Poffenbarger et al. 1985 | Prim (monotherapy or as an adjunct to PHB) | 3 | NA | NA | Varied | NA | 8–84 m | GI (chronic hepatopathy/toxicity-hepatic chirosis) | chronic hepatopathy/toxicity | I |
| Bunch et al. 1987 | Prim | 1 | NA | NA | 13 mg/kg PO BID | NA | 4 d | Neurological (hyperactivity) | NA | I |
| Bunch et al. 1984 | Prim | 22 | 93 % | 82.3 %–103.6 % | Prim: 33+/−19 mg/kg PO SID Other AEDs: NA |
NA | range, 6–120 m | GI (chronic hepatopathy/toxicity), ClinPath (increased ALP, ALT, AST, γ-GT, bile acids) | chronic hepatoxicity, increased ALP, ALT, AST, bile acids | I |
| Bunch et al. 1982 | Prim | 2 | NA | NA | Case 1: 750 mg in total PO BID Case 2: 250 mg in total PO BID |
NA | 24 m | GI (chronic hepatopathy/toxicity) | chronic hepatoxicity | I |
| EPAR (US field trial) | Prim | 110 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Neurological (ataxia, hyperactivity, anxiety, disorientation), ClinPath (increased enzymes-unclear which) tachypnoea, PD | ataxia, PD, increased liver enzymes | I |
| Raw and Gaskell 1985 | Prim | 52 | 35 % | 22.0 %–48.0 % | NA | NA | 48 m | Neurological (ataxia), GI (PP), PD | ataxia, PD, PP | |
| Meyer and Noonan 1981 | Prim | 6 | 100 % | 100 % | 30–40 mg/kg PO BID | NA | 3 m | ClinPath (increased ALP, ALT) | increased ALT, ALP | I |
| Sturtevant et al. 1977 | Prim | 2 | 100 % | 100 % | 17.6 mg/kg POTID | NA | 1 m | ClinPath (anemia, increased ALP) | increased ALP | I & II |
| Jacobs et al. 1998 | Prim | 1 | NA | NA | 25 mg/kg PO BID | NA | 2 m | Blood dyscrasias (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia), ClinPath (decreased albumin, increased ALP) | NA | II |
| Henricks 1987 | Prim | 1 | NA | NA | 62 mg in total PO BID | NA | 2 m | Dermatitis | NA | II |
| Balazs et al. 1978 | Prim | 4 | 0 % | 0 % | 40–80 mg/kg PO SID | NA | 1.75 m | No adverse effects | NA | NA |
| Bunch et al. 1985 | Prim | 6 | 0 % | 0 % | NA | NA | NA | No adverse effects | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: AED(s) anti-epileptic drug(s), BID bis in die (twice daily), Chloraz Chlorazepate, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, CL confidence level, Gaba Gabapentin, IE idiopathic epilepsy, LEV Levetiracetam, m month(s), NA Not Available, PHB phenobarbital, PD polydipsia, PU polyuria, PP polyphagia, PBr potassium bromide, Prim primidone, PO per os, SID semel in die (once daily), TID ter in die (three times daily), TPM Topiramate, w week(s), y year(s)