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. 2016 May 21;18:117. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-1012-3

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© Zamudio-Cuevas et al. 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) in synoviocytes. Arrows indicate intracellular H₂O₂ formation, which is revealed by DCFH oxidation (green fluorescence) in untreated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) (a); FLS treated with MSU crystals at 24 h (b), and FLS treated with H₂O₂ at 30 minutes (c). Arrows indicate O₂ ^- intracellular production by oxidation of dihydroethidium (DHE) (red fluorescence) in untreated FLS (d); FLS treated with MSU crystals (e), and FLS treated with H₂O₂ (f). Bars show quantification of DCFH and DHE fluorescence: data are reported as units of arbitrary fluorescence (UAF) (g). Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation; *P < 0.05 vs control