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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Matrix Biol. 2016 Jan 22;52-54:43–59. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.007

Table 1.

Examples of Alterations in Matrix Composition that Affect the Mineralization Process

Species Type of mineral Treatment of Matrix Change in Mineral
Magnetic Bacteria7 Magnetite (Fe3O4) Deletion of operon Irregular crystals
Avian Egg shell8 Calcite Incubation in Dermatan sulfate Delays Formation
Abalone shell9 Aragonite/Calcite Perlucin variants Modulate rate of precipitation
Diatoms10 Silicate Composite of silk and silaffin Promotes mineralization
Mice11 Hydroxyapatite Knockout or overexpression of ameloblastin Decreased enamel formation
Mice12 Hydroxyapatite Knockout of phospho-1 Smaller crystals
Vertebrate13 Hydroxyapatite Dephosphorylation of osteopontin No inhibition of growth
Vertebrate14 Hydroxyapatite Dephosphorylation of all phosphoproteins Decreases extent of mineralization
Zebra-fish15 Hydroxyapatite Mutation in BMP1 (enzyme) Defective mineralization