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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Matrix Biol. 2016 Jan 22;52-54:43–59. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.007

TABLE 2.

SIBLING Proteins and their Roles in Vertebrate Mineralization

Protein Associated Disease Properties of KO Effect on HA formation
Bone sialoprotein ? Impaired bone turnover ; higher bone mass82
Embryonic delayed mineralization83 		Promotes (nucleates) mineralization84
Dentin matrix protein 1 Dentinogenesis Imperfecta III
Autosomal recessive form of hypophosphatemic rickets		 Dentin hypomineralization in maturation85
Reduced dspp levels.86 		Full protein inhibits74
Peptides promote33
DSPP Dentin dysplasia Hypomineralized dentin87,88
Bone composition varies with age89 		DPP inhibits HA formation at low concentration and promotes it at high71; DSP has little effect80
Enamelin Hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta Impaired enamel mineralization90 Inhibited seeded HA growth91
MEPE Oncogenic osteomalacia Increased bone formation and bone mass92 Full protein nucleates; peptides inhibit93
Osteopontin Vascular calcification Reduced fracture toughness without change in bone mass941; Increased mineral content and decreased crystallinity95 Full protein inhibits96
Fragments- variable effects16