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This schematic illustrates how estrogen can regulate the NE system. Estrogen can increase NE levels by increasing NE synthesis within the LC neuron (blue) and reducing NE degradation. Estrogen also decreases adrenergic receptor (purple) levels on postsynaptic neurons (green), an effect that may be compensatory. DA, dopamine; DBH, dopamine β-hydroxylase; DOPA, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine; COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase; NE, norepinephrine
