| The combination of umeclidinium/vilanterol was considered non-inferior to tiotropium + indacaterol in terms of the primary lung function endpoint (the trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s at day 85) on the basis of a predefined non-inferiority margin. |
| The fixed-dose umeclidinium/vilanterol combination and the free combination of tiotropium + indacaterol, given once daily, provided similar improvements in lung function and patient-reported outcomes over 12 weeks in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. |
| The treatments had similar tolerability and safety profiles. |
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