Fig. 7.

Metformin inhibits the ability of TGF-β to stimulate the migration of NMuMG cells. a Migration through transwell membranes. NMuMG cells (30,000/wells) were plated on the top of membranes, and the cells were allowed to migrate for 24 h under the treatment, as indicated. The migrated cells were stained with crystal violet, and the randomly selected areas were photographed (left). Five randomly selected spots were counted and plotted (right) with control as 100 %. b Wound healing analysis. NMuMG cells were grown to confluence, scratched with a pipette tip, and cultured for 24 h. The scratched areas were photographed at 0 and 24 h. The migration rate was calculated with ImageJ software. The graph represents values from three independent experiments (mean ± SD). Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test, and p values between groups are indicated. Cont control, M + T metformin + TGF-β1