(b).
| Early caffeine (1-2 DOL) |
Very late caffeine (≥8 DOL) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 85 | 19 | |
| GA (wks) | 26.34 ± 1.84 | 25.94 ± 2.01 | p = 0.01∗ |
| BW (g) | 891.78 ± 227.50 | 835.61 ± 188.70 | p = 0.009∗ |
| Sex (female/male) | 38/47 (44.7%, 55.3%) | 9/10 (47.4%, 52.6%) | p = 0.35 |
|
| |||
| Short-term clinical assessment | |||
| Duration of NICU stay | 79.79 ± 30.51 | 77.13 ± 30.15 | p = 0.25 |
| BPD | 23 (27.1%) | 9 (47.4%)1 | p = 0.047∗ |
| ROP requiring surgery | 7 (8.2%) | 2 (10.5%) | p = 0.36 |
| RDS | 65 (76.5%) | 15 (78.9%) | p = 0.74 |
| PDA | 41 (48.2%) | 12 (63.2%) | p = 0.50 |
| PDA requiring ligation | 4 (4.7%) | 2 (10.5%)2 | p = 0.04∗ |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 8 (9.4%) | 0 | p = 0.1 |
| PVL | 4 (4.7%) | 0 | p = 1.0 |
(∗) means statistically significant.
1These infants received caffeine on days 8, 9, 9, 14, 15, 16, 22, 27, and 53.
2One infant received caffeine on day 19 and the other had caffeine on day 27.
DOL, days of life; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia.