Table 2.
Effects of antcin K (AnK) on tissue weight, food intake, and liver lipid.
| Dose (mg/kg/day) | CON | HF | HF + AnK1 | HF + AnK2 | HF + AnK3 | HF + Feno | HF + Metf |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 20 | 40 | 250 | 300 | |||
| Absolute tissue weight (g) | |||||||
| EWAT | 0.531 ± 0.052 | 1.264 ± 0.147### | 0.867 ± 0.065∗∗ | 0.841 ± 0.062∗∗ | 0.809 ± 0.058∗∗∗ | 0.603 ± 0.041∗∗∗ | 0.813 ± 0.064∗∗∗ |
| MWAT | 0.278 ± 0.031 | 0.439 ± 0.025### | 0.349 ± 0.020∗ | 0.340 ± 0.013∗ | 0.332 ± 0.025∗ | 0.247 ± 0.025∗∗∗ | 0.270 ± 0.018∗∗∗ |
| RWAT | 0.166 ± 0.021 | 0.483 ± 0.064### | 0.323 ± 0.039∗ | 0.339 ± 0.031∗ | 0.306 ± 0.040∗ | 0.181 ± 0.020∗∗∗ | 0.298 ± 0.027∗∗ |
| Visceral fat | 0.697 ± 0.056 | 1.747 ± 0.208### | 1.190 ± 0.093∗∗ | 1.180 ± 0.106∗∗ | 1.154 ± 0.096∗∗∗ | 0.784 ± 0.052∗∗∗ | 1.111 ± 0.077∗∗∗ |
| Skeletal muscle | 0.308 ± 0.014 | 0.412 ± 0.045 | 0.395 ± 0.036 | 0.364 ± 0.022 | 0.364 ± 0.028 | 0.428 ± 0.026 | 0.380 ± 0.025 |
| BAT | 0.158 ± 0.004 | 0.224 ± 0.022# | 0.178 ± 0.007 | 0.172 ± 0.010 | 0.175 ± 0.008 | 0.157 ± 0.013∗ | 0.220 ± 0.025 |
| Liver (g) | 1.003 ± 0.024 | 0.987 ± 0.029 | 0.946 ± 0.030 | 0.888 ± 0.019 | 0.883 ± 0.018 | 1.700 ± 0.070∗∗∗ | 0.908 ± 0.031 |
| Spleen (g) | 0.099 ± 0.006 | 0.094 ± 0.004 | 0.090 ± 0.003 | 0.085 ± 0.003 | 0.104 ± 0.007 | 0.084 ± 0.005 | 0.093 ± 0.006 |
| Final body weight (g) | 27.21 ± 0.47 | 30.43 ± 1.02# | 28.30 ± 0.61 | 27.55 ± 0.72∗ | 27.48 ± 0.46∗ | 27.55 ± 0.84∗ | 27.86 ± 0.72 |
| Weight gain (g) | 1.61 ± 0.15 | 3.42 ± 0.24# | 1.39 ± 0.81∗ | 0.70 ± 0.86∗∗ | 0.58 ± 0.35∗∗ | 0.57 ± 0.55∗∗∗ | 0.92 ± 0.08∗∗ |
| Food intake (g/day/mouse) | 2.34 ± 0.04 | 1.99 ± 0.04### | 1.95 ± 0.05 | 1.92 ± 0.07 | 1.98 ± 0.04 | 1.99 ± 0.06 | 1.89 ± 0.04 |
|
| |||||||
| Liver lipids | |||||||
| Total lipid (mg/g) | 53.7 ± 2.7 | 95.9 ± 6.4### | 73.1 ± 4.7∗∗ | 66.0 ± 4.8∗∗ | 64.5 ± 5.2∗∗ | 64.9 ± 5.1∗∗ | 65.3 ± 4.9∗∗ |
| Triacylglycerol (μmol/g) | 40.6 ± 3.9 | 79.3 ± 6.3### | 56.3 ± 4.2∗∗ | 45.7 ± 3.9∗∗∗ | 45.2 ± 4.6∗∗∗ | 47.3 ± 4.6∗∗∗ | 45.4 ± 4.2∗∗∗ |
Antcin K (AnK; AnK1, AnK2, and AnK3, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg body wt); fenofibrate (Feno, 250 mg/kg body wt); metformin (Metf, 300 mg/kg body wt); BAT, brown adipose tissue; skeletal muscle included quadriceps muscle, which contains four parts, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis. All values are means ± SE (n = 9). # P < 0.05 and ### P < 0.001 compared with the control (CON) group; ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 compared with the high-fat plus vehicle (distilled water) (HF) group. Epididymal white adipose tissue (epididymal WAT; EWAT), retroperitoneal WAT (RWAT), and mesenteric WAT (MWAT). Visceral fat represented epididymal WAT plus retroperitoneal WAT.