Table 2.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs, mg/l) of 22 antimicrobials and presence /absence of tet(45) in probiotic Bacillus cereus / Bacillus thuringiensis strains.
| No. | Intended for use in | Species | tet(45) | AMC | CIP | CLI | DPT | DOX | ENR | ERT | ERY | FLL | FOS | GEN | IMP | LEV | LIZ | MER | QDA | RIF | STR | TEI | TEL | TOB | VAN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Human | B. cereus | >64 | 0.125 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 2 | 2 | 16 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125 | 2 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.063 | 0.5 | 1 | |
| 2a | B. cereus | >64 | 0.125 | 2 | >4 | ≤0.125 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.063 | ≤0.25 | 1 | ||
| 2b | B. cereus | 8 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.5 | ≤0.125 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 1 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.25 | ≤0.031 | 1 | 0.5 | ||
| 3 | B. cereus | > 64 | 0.125 | 2 | 2 | ≤0.125 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.063 | 0.5 | 1 | |||
| 5c | Animal | B. cereus | 4 | 0.25 | 1 | >4 | ≤0.125 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 8 | 1 | 16 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 2 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.25 | 1 | |
| 6f | B. cereus | + | >64 | 0.25 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.063 | 1 | 1 | |
| 7d | B. thuringiensis | + | >64 | 0.25 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | ≤0.031 | 0.5 | 1 | |
| 8h | B. cereus | + | >64 | 0.125 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.063 | 0.5 | 1 | |
| 9b | B. thuringiensis | >64 | 0.125 | 1 | 4 | ≤0.125 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | ≤0.5 | 64 | 2 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.25 | ≤0.031 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 9i | B. cereus | + | 64 | 0.5 | 2 | >4 | 4 | 0.25 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 1 | 64 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 2 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 | ≤0.031 | 0.5 | 2 | |
| 11 | B. cereus | + | >64 | 0.25 | 2 | >4 | 2 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.063 | 0.5 | 1 | |
| 12c | B. cereus | 64 | 0.125 | 2 | 2 | ≤0.125 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 1 | ||
| 13d | B. cereus | + | >64 | 0.125 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0.25 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | ≤0.031 | 1 | 1 | |
| 14e | Plant | B. cereus | + | 32 | 0.25 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.125 | 1 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | ≤0.031 | 0.5 | 1 |
| 14f | B. thuringiensis | >64 | 0.125 | 1 | >4 | ≤0.125 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | 1 | 32 | 1 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.25 | ≤0.031 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 15a | B. thuringiensis | >64 | 0.125 | 1 | 4 | ≤0.125 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 0.5 | 1 | 128 | 1 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.25 | ≤0.031 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 15d | B. cereus | + | 64 | 0.125 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0.125 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 | ≤0.25 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.5 | ≤0.031 | 1 | 1 | |
| B. cereus ATCC 10876 | n.d. | 32 | 0.25 | 1 | n.d. | 0.5 | 0.125 | ≤0.125 | 0.5 | 1 | n.d. | 0.5 | 4 | 0.125 | 1 | ≤0.063 | 0.5 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.063 | n.d. | 1 | ||
MICs were determined according to ISO-20776. All isolates where negative for tet(M), tet(K), tet(O), tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D). All tet(L)/tet(45)-amplicons revealed higher sequence identity with tet(45) than with tet(L).
AMC, amoxicillin + clavulanate; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CLI clindamycin, DPT, daptomycin; DOX, doxycycline; ENR, enrofloxacin; ERT, ertapenem;
ERY, erythromycin; FLL, florfenicol; FOS, fosfomycin; GEN, gentamicin; IMP, imipenem; LEV, levofloxacin; LIZ, linezolid; MER, meropenem;
QDA, qinupristin + dalfopristin; RIF, rifampicin; STR, streptomycin; TEI, teicoplain; TEL, telithromycin; TOB, tobramycin; VAN, vancomycin.