Figure 1.

LRRK2 increases Ca_V2.1 current density. Representative whole cell Ca²⁺ currents in response to a 10 mV voltage-step protocol recorded from HEK293 cells transfected with Ca_V2.1 channels alone (A) or together with LRRK2 (B). (C) Mean I-V relationships of peak Ca²⁺ current density from Ca_V2.1 transfected cells in the absence (black circles) or presence (white triangles) of LRRK2 (n = 12 cells from five independent experiments). (D) Mean peak Ca²⁺ current density at a holding potential of 20 mV in cells expressing Ca_V2.1 alone or co-expressing LRRK2 where ** indicates p < 0.01; unpaired t-test (n = 12 cells from five independent experiments). (E) HEK293 cells were transfected with empty vector (EV) or wild-type (wt) LRRK2 and expression of LRRK2 was evaluated by western-blotting. (F) The graph reports LRRK2 protein level normalized to the level of endogenous β-actin. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, (n = 8).